fix: bug sending LoTW on close

app.go

@@ -196,7 +196,8 @@ const (
 	keyExtLoTWStationLoc   = "extsvc.lotw.station_location"
 	keyExtLoTWForceCall    = "extsvc.lotw.force_station_callsign" // override STATION_CALLSIGN at sign time (e.g. F4BPO/P on the F4BPO cert)
 	keyExtLoTWKeyPassword  = "extsvc.lotw.key_password"
-	keyExtLoTWUploadFlag   = "extsvc.lotw.upload_flag"
+	keyExtLoTWUploadFlag   = "extsvc.lotw.upload_flag"   // legacy single flag (migrated to upload_flags)
+	keyExtLoTWUploadFlags  = "extsvc.lotw.upload_flags"  // CSV set of lotw_sent values to upload (e.g. "N,R")
 	keyExtLoTWWriteLog     = "extsvc.lotw.write_log"
 	keyExtLoTWAutoUpload   = "extsvc.lotw.auto_upload"
 	keyExtLoTWUploadMode   = "extsvc.lotw.upload_mode"
@@ -729,6 +730,7 @@ func (a *App) startup(ctx context.Context) {
 		NotifyError:    a.notifyExtError,
 		ShouldUpload:   a.extShouldUpload,
 		StationCallOf:  a.stationCallOf,
+		CloseUploadIDs: a.closeUploadIDs,
 		Logf:           applog.Printf,
 	})
 	a.extsvc.SetConfig(a.loadExternalServices())
@@ -855,7 +857,7 @@ func (a *App) plannedShutdownSteps() []shutdownStep {
 		}
 	}
 	if a.extsvc != nil {
-		if n := a.extsvc.PendingCount(); n > 0 {
+		if n := a.extsvc.CloseUploadCount(); n > 0 {
 			out = append(out, shutdownStep{
 				ID:     "extsvc-upload",
 				Label:  fmt.Sprintf("Uploading %d QSO(s) to online logbooks", n),
@@ -4822,6 +4824,31 @@ func (a *App) getManyScoped(prefix string, keys ...string) (map[string]string, e
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+// parseUploadFlags resolves the LoTW "treat as unsent" status set: prefer the
+// CSV (new multi-select), fall back to the legacy single flag, and default to
+// N+R when nothing is configured (covers an imported ADIF still marked unsent).
+func parseUploadFlags(csv, legacy string) []string {
+	add := func(dst []string, seen map[string]bool, raw string) []string {
+		for _, p := range strings.Split(raw, ",") {
+			f := strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(p))
+			if (f == "N" || f == "R") && !seen[f] {
+				seen[f] = true
+				dst = append(dst, f)
+			}
+		}
+		return dst
+	}
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	out := add(nil, seen, csv)
+	if len(out) == 0 {
+		out = add(out, seen, legacy)
+	}
+	if len(out) == 0 {
+		return []string{"N", "R"}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
 func (a *App) loadExternalServices() extsvc.ExternalServices {
 	var out extsvc.ExternalServices
 	if a.settings == nil {
@@ -4838,7 +4865,7 @@ func (a *App) loadExternalServices() extsvc.ExternalServices {
 		keyExtClublogEmail, keyExtClublogPassword, keyExtClublogCallsign,
 		keyExtClublogAPIKey, keyExtClublogAutoUpload, keyExtClublogUploadMode,
 		keyExtLoTWTQSLPath, keyExtLoTWStationLoc, keyExtLoTWForceCall, keyExtLoTWKeyPassword,
-		keyExtLoTWUploadFlag, keyExtLoTWWriteLog,
+		keyExtLoTWUploadFlag, keyExtLoTWUploadFlags, keyExtLoTWWriteLog,
 		keyExtLoTWAutoUpload, keyExtLoTWUploadMode,
 		keyExtLoTWUsername, keyExtLoTWWebPassword)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -4870,12 +4897,15 @@ func (a *App) loadExternalServices() extsvc.ExternalServices {
 		StationLocation:      m[keyExtLoTWStationLoc],
 		ForceStationCallsign: m[keyExtLoTWForceCall],
 		KeyPassword:          m[keyExtLoTWKeyPassword],
-		UploadFlag:           m[keyExtLoTWUploadFlag],
+		UploadFlags:          parseUploadFlags(m[keyExtLoTWUploadFlags], m[keyExtLoTWUploadFlag]),
 		WriteLog:             m[keyExtLoTWWriteLog] == "1",
 		Username:             m[keyExtLoTWUsername],
 		Password:             m[keyExtLoTWWebPassword],
 		AutoUpload:           m[keyExtLoTWAutoUpload] == "1",
-		UploadMode:           extsvc.UploadMode(m[keyExtLoTWUploadMode]),
+		// LoTW only ever uploads as an on-close batch (ARRL discourages per-QSO
+		// uploads), so the UI offers no other timing. Force it here so configs
+		// saved by older builds — which stored "immediate" — still batch at close.
+		UploadMode: extsvc.ModeOnClose,
 	}
 	// Default the TQSL path to the standard install location when unset, so
 	// the field is pre-populated if TQSL is present.
@@ -4896,34 +4926,35 @@ func (a *App) SaveExternalServices(cfg extsvc.ExternalServices) error {
 	if a.settings == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("db not initialized")
 	}
-	mode := string(extsvc.ModeImmediate)
+	// Preserve the chosen upload timing — including "on_close", which the LoTW
-	if cfg.QRZ.UploadMode == extsvc.ModeDelayed {
+	// batch flush at shutdown depends on. (A previous version collapsed anything
-		mode = string(extsvc.ModeDelayed)
+	// that wasn't "delayed" to "immediate", silently disabling on-close upload.)
+	modeOf := func(m extsvc.UploadMode) string {
+		switch m {
+		case extsvc.ModeDelayed:
+			return string(extsvc.ModeDelayed)
+		case extsvc.ModeOnClose:
+			return string(extsvc.ModeOnClose)
+		default:
+			return string(extsvc.ModeImmediate)
 		}
+	}
+	mode := modeOf(cfg.QRZ.UploadMode)
 	auto := "0"
 	if cfg.QRZ.AutoUpload {
 		auto = "1"
 	}
-	clMode := string(extsvc.ModeImmediate)
+	clMode := modeOf(cfg.Clublog.UploadMode)
-	if cfg.Clublog.UploadMode == extsvc.ModeDelayed {
-		clMode = string(extsvc.ModeDelayed)
-	}
 	clAuto := "0"
 	if cfg.Clublog.AutoUpload {
 		clAuto = "1"
 	}
-	ltMode := string(extsvc.ModeImmediate)
+	ltMode := modeOf(cfg.LoTW.UploadMode)
-	if cfg.LoTW.UploadMode == extsvc.ModeDelayed {
-		ltMode = string(extsvc.ModeDelayed)
-	}
 	ltAuto := "0"
 	if cfg.LoTW.AutoUpload {
 		ltAuto = "1"
 	}
-	ltFlag := strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(cfg.LoTW.UploadFlag))
+	ltFlags := strings.Join(parseUploadFlags(strings.Join(cfg.LoTW.UploadFlags, ","), ""), ",")
-	if ltFlag != "N" && ltFlag != "R" {
-		ltFlag = "R"
-	}
 	ltWriteLog := "0"
 	if cfg.LoTW.WriteLog {
 		ltWriteLog = "1"
@@ -4946,7 +4977,7 @@ func (a *App) SaveExternalServices(cfg extsvc.ExternalServices) error {
 		keyExtLoTWStationLoc:  strings.TrimSpace(cfg.LoTW.StationLocation),
 		keyExtLoTWForceCall:   strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(cfg.LoTW.ForceStationCallsign)),
 		keyExtLoTWKeyPassword: cfg.LoTW.KeyPassword,
-		keyExtLoTWUploadFlag:  ltFlag,
+		keyExtLoTWUploadFlags: ltFlags,
 		keyExtLoTWWriteLog:    ltWriteLog,
 		keyExtLoTWAutoUpload:  ltAuto,
 		keyExtLoTWUploadMode:  ltMode,
@@ -5682,6 +5713,70 @@ func (a *App) stationCallOf(id int64) string {
 	return strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(q.StationCallsign))
 }
 
+// closeUploadIDs returns the QSO ids to upload to a service at app close,
+// scanning the whole logbook: LoTW matches the configured sent-status set
+// (N/R), QRZ/Club Log return anything not yet "Y". This is what lets an
+// imported ADIF (old QSOs still unsent) flush on close.
+func (a *App) closeUploadIDs(svc extsvc.Service) []int64 {
+	if a.qso == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	col := uploadColumnFor(string(svc))
+	if col == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	cfg := a.loadExternalServices()
+
+	// owner is the callsign this logbook signs/uploads as. Each external
+	// logbook belongs to ONE call, so in a mixed-call DB (F4BPO, F4BPO/P, TM2Q)
+	// we must only sweep the QSOs that belong to it — otherwise TM2Q QSOs would
+	// be signed under the F4BPO certificate, or pushed to the wrong QRZ/Club Log
+	// logbook. Prefer the configured force/owner call; fall back to the active
+	// profile's callsign.
+	var statuses []string
+	owner := ""
+	switch svc {
+	case extsvc.ServiceLoTW:
+		statuses = cfg.LoTW.UploadFlags
+		if len(statuses) == 0 {
+			return nil
+		}
+		owner = cfg.LoTW.ForceStationCallsign
+	case extsvc.ServiceQRZ:
+		owner = cfg.QRZ.ForceStationCallsign
+	case extsvc.ServiceClublog:
+		owner = cfg.Clublog.Callsign
+	}
+	owner = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(owner))
+	if owner == "" && a.profiles != nil {
+		if p, perr := a.profiles.Active(a.ctx); perr == nil {
+			owner = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(p.Callsign))
+		}
+	}
+
+	cands, err := a.qso.ListUploadCandidates(a.ctx, col, statuses)
+	if err != nil {
+		applog.Printf("extsvc: close-upload candidate scan for %s failed: %v", svc, err)
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]int64, 0, len(cands))
+	skipped := 0
+	for _, c := range cands {
+		// Keep QSOs that belong to this logbook's call. A blank STATION_CALLSIGN
+		// is assumed to be ours (it gets signed/labelled as owner on upload),
+		// mirroring the per-QSO guard in extsvc.upload.
+		if owner == "" || c.StationCallsign == "" || extsvc.SameBaseCall(c.StationCallsign, owner) {
+			out = append(out, c.ID)
+		} else {
+			skipped++
+		}
+	}
+	if skipped > 0 {
+		applog.Printf("extsvc: %s close-upload skipped %d QSO(s) not matching logbook callsign %q", svc, skipped, owner)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
 // extShouldUpload reports whether a QSO is eligible for upload to a service,
 // based on its sent status. QRZ/Club Log upload anything not yet "Y"; LoTW
 // uploads only QSOs whose lotw_sent matches the configured Upload flag
@@ -5708,15 +5803,12 @@ func (a *App) extShouldUpload(svc extsvc.Service, id int64) bool {
 		}
 		return true
 	case extsvc.ServiceLoTW:
-		flag := "R"
+		for _, f := range a.loadExternalServices().LoTW.UploadFlags {
-		if a.settings != nil {
+			if strings.EqualFold(q.LOTWSent, f) {
-			if m, e := a.settings.GetMany(a.ctx, keyExtLoTWUploadFlag); e == nil {
+				return true
-				if v := strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(m[keyExtLoTWUploadFlag])); v == "N" || v == "R" {
-					flag = v
 			}
 		}
-		}
+		return false
-		return strings.EqualFold(q.LOTWSent, flag)
 	}
 	return false
 }

frontend/src/components/SettingsModal.tsx

@@ -749,14 +749,14 @@ export function SettingsModal({ onClose, onSaved, initialSection, onMainPaneChan
     api_key: string; email: string; username: string; password: string; callsign: string;
     force_station_callsign: string;
     tqsl_path: string; station_location: string; key_password: string;
-    upload_flag: string; write_log: boolean;
+    upload_flags: string[]; write_log: boolean;
     auto_upload: boolean; upload_mode: string;
   };
   type ExternalServices = { qrz: ExtServiceCfg; clublog: ExtServiceCfg; lotw: ExtServiceCfg };
   const emptyExtCfg = (): ExtServiceCfg => ({
     api_key: '', email: '', username: '', password: '', callsign: '',
     force_station_callsign: '', tqsl_path: '', station_location: '', key_password: '',
-    upload_flag: 'R', write_log: false,
+    upload_flags: ['N', 'R'], write_log: false,
     auto_upload: false, upload_mode: 'immediate',
   });
   const [extSvc, setExtSvc] = useState<ExternalServices>({
@@ -2892,17 +2892,32 @@ export function SettingsModal({ onClose, onSaved, initialSection, onMainPaneChan
                 placeholder="only if your certificate key has a password"
                 className="text-xs"
               />
-              <Label className="text-sm">Upload flag</Label>
+              <Label className="text-sm">Consider as unsent</Label>
               <div>
-                <Select value={lotw.upload_flag || 'R'} onValueChange={(v) => setLotw({ upload_flag: v })}>
+                <div className="flex items-center gap-4">
-                  <SelectTrigger className="h-8 w-64"><SelectValue /></SelectTrigger>
+                  {(['N', 'R'] as const).map((f) => {
-                  <SelectContent>
+                    const flags = lotw.upload_flags ?? [];
-                    <SelectItem value="N">Upload when LoTW sent = No</SelectItem>
+                    const checked = flags.includes(f);
-                    <SelectItem value="R">Upload when LoTW sent = Requested</SelectItem>
+                    return (
-                  </SelectContent>
+                      <label key={f} className="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm cursor-pointer">
-                </Select>
+                        <Checkbox
+                          checked={checked}
+                          onCheckedChange={(c) => {
+                            const next = c
+                              ? Array.from(new Set([...flags, f]))
+                              : flags.filter((x) => x !== f);
+                            setLotw({ upload_flags: next });
+                          }}
+                        />
+                        {f === 'N' ? 'No (N)' : 'Requested (R)'}
+                      </label>
+                    );
+                  })}
+                </div>
                 <div className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground mt-1">
-                  Must match your default LoTW <em>sent</em> status in Confirmations, or new QSOs won't be picked up.
+                  At app close, every QSO whose LoTW <em>sent</em> status is one of these is signed and
+                  uploaded in one TQSL batch — including QSOs imported from an ADIF. Uploaded QSOs become
+                  <em> Y</em> and won't be re-sent. Must include your default <em>sent</em> status from Confirmations.
                 </div>
               </div>
             </div>

frontend/wailsjs/go/models.ts

@@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ export namespace extsvc {
 	    tqsl_path: string;
 	    station_location: string;
 	    key_password: string;
-	    upload_flag: string;
+	    upload_flags: string[];
 	    write_log: boolean;
 	    auto_upload: boolean;
 	    upload_mode: string;
@@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ export namespace extsvc {
 	        this.tqsl_path = source["tqsl_path"];
 	        this.station_location = source["station_location"];
 	        this.key_password = source["key_password"];
-	        this.upload_flag = source["upload_flag"];
+	        this.upload_flags = source["upload_flags"];
 	        this.write_log = source["write_log"];
 	        this.auto_upload = source["auto_upload"];
 	        this.upload_mode = source["upload_mode"];

internal/extsvc/extsvc.go

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ type ServiceConfig struct {
 	TQSLPath             string     `json:"tqsl_path"`              // LoTW: path to tqsl.exe
 	StationLocation      string     `json:"station_location"`       // LoTW: TQSL Station Location name
 	KeyPassword          string     `json:"key_password"`           // LoTW: certificate private-key password (optional)
-	UploadFlag           string     `json:"upload_flag"`            // LoTW: sent status that means "ready to upload" — "N" or "R"
+	UploadFlags          []string   `json:"upload_flags"`           // LoTW: set of lotw_sent values that mean "ready to upload" — any of "N"/"R"
 	WriteLog             bool       `json:"write_log"`              // LoTW: pass -t to write a TQSL diagnostic log
 	AutoUpload           bool       `json:"auto_upload"`
 	UploadMode           UploadMode `json:"upload_mode"`
@@ -84,13 +84,19 @@ func (c ServiceConfig) normalised() ServiceConfig {
 	c.ForceStationCallsign = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(c.ForceStationCallsign))
 	c.TQSLPath = strings.TrimSpace(c.TQSLPath)
 	c.StationLocation = strings.TrimSpace(c.StationLocation)
-	// Upload flag is the LoTW sent-status that marks a QSO ready to upload.
+	// Upload flags are the LoTW sent-statuses that mark a QSO ready to upload.
-	// Only "N" (no) and "R" (requested) are valid; default to "R".
+	// Only "N" (no) and "R" (requested) are valid; clean + dedupe, no default
-	if uf := strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(c.UploadFlag)); uf == "N" || uf == "R" {
+	// here (the caller injects N+R when nothing is configured).
-		c.UploadFlag = uf
+	var flags []string
-	} else {
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
-		c.UploadFlag = "R"
+	for _, f := range c.UploadFlags {
+		f = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(f))
+		if (f == "N" || f == "R") && !seen[f] {
+			seen[f] = true
+			flags = append(flags, f)
 		}
+	}
+	c.UploadFlags = flags
 	switch c.UploadMode {
 	case ModeDelayed, ModeOnClose:
 		// keep

internal/extsvc/manager.go

@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@ func sameBaseCall(a, b string) bool {
 	return baseCall(a) == baseCall(b)
 }
 
+// SameBaseCall is the exported form of sameBaseCall, so the host app can apply
+// the same "same operator?" rule when filtering an on-close upload batch by the
+// active logbook's callsign.
+func SameBaseCall(a, b string) bool { return sameBaseCall(a, b) }
+
 // Deps are the host-app callbacks the Manager needs. Keeping them as
 // function fields decouples extsvc from the qso/adif/settings packages and
 // keeps the upload-scheduling logic testable.
@@ -62,6 +67,13 @@ type Deps struct {
 	// option would otherwise silently relabel it). "" → no station call known.
 	StationCallOf func(id int64) string
 
+	// CloseUploadIDs returns the QSO ids to upload for a service when the app
+	// closes — scanning the WHOLE logbook, not just this session: LoTW returns
+	// rows whose lotw_sent matches the configured status set; QRZ/Club Log
+	// return anything not yet "Y". This is what makes an imported ADIF (old
+	// QSOs still marked unsent) upload on close. nil → nothing to do.
+	CloseUploadIDs func(svc Service) []int64
+
 	// Logf is an optional diagnostic logger.
 	Logf func(format string, args ...any)
 }
@@ -75,7 +87,6 @@ type Manager struct {
 	mu  sync.Mutex
 	cfg ExternalServices
 	rnd *rand.Rand
-	pending map[Service][]int64 // QSO ids queued for ModeOnClose upload
 }
 
 func NewManager(deps Deps) *Manager {
@@ -87,7 +98,6 @@ func NewManager(deps Deps) *Manager {
 		// Seeded from the clock; the delay only needs to be unpredictable
 		// enough to spread bursts, not cryptographically random.
 		rnd: rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano())),
-		pending: map[Service][]int64{},
 	}
 }
 
@@ -103,6 +113,8 @@ func (m *Manager) SetConfig(cfg ExternalServices) {
 	m.mu.Lock()
 	defer m.mu.Unlock()
 	cfg.QRZ = cfg.QRZ.normalised()
+	cfg.Clublog = cfg.Clublog.normalised()
+	cfg.LoTW = cfg.LoTW.normalised()
 	m.cfg = cfg
 }
 
@@ -145,11 +157,9 @@ func (m *Manager) OnQSOLogged(id int64) {
 // app-close batch, or schedule an immediate / delayed upload.
 func (m *Manager) route(svc Service, id int64, cfg ServiceConfig) {
 	if cfg.UploadMode == ModeOnClose {
-		m.mu.Lock()
+		// Nothing to queue: on-close upload sweeps the whole logbook from the
-		m.pending[svc] = append(m.pending[svc], id)
+		// database at shutdown (see FlushOnClose), so this QSO is picked up by
-		n := len(m.pending[svc])
+		// its sent-status then — no in-memory tracking needed.
-		m.mu.Unlock()
-		m.logf("extsvc: %s queued QSO %d for on-close upload (%d pending)", svc, id, n)
 		return
 	}
 	m.scheduleUpload(svc, id, cfg)
@@ -166,47 +176,64 @@ func (m *Manager) scheduleUpload(svc Service, id int64, cfg ServiceConfig) {
 	go m.upload(svc, id, cfg)
 }
 
-// PendingCount returns how many QSOs are queued for on-close upload across
+// onCloseServices returns the services configured for on-close auto-upload,
-// all services. The shutdown sequence uses it to decide whether to show the
+// with the minimum credentials to actually run.
-// upload step.
+func (m *Manager) onCloseServices() []Service {
-func (m *Manager) PendingCount() int {
+	cfg := m.Config()
-	m.mu.Lock()
+	var out []Service
-	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	if q := cfg.QRZ; q.AutoUpload && q.UploadMode == ModeOnClose && q.APIKey != "" {
+		out = append(out, ServiceQRZ)
+	}
+	if c := cfg.Clublog; c.AutoUpload && c.UploadMode == ModeOnClose && c.Email != "" && c.Password != "" {
+		out = append(out, ServiceClublog)
+	}
+	if l := cfg.LoTW; l.AutoUpload && l.UploadMode == ModeOnClose && l.TQSLPath != "" && l.StationLocation != "" {
+		out = append(out, ServiceLoTW)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// CloseUploadCount returns how many QSOs across the whole logbook would be
+// uploaded at app close (sum over every on-close service). The shutdown
+// sequence uses it to decide whether to show the upload step and its label.
+func (m *Manager) CloseUploadCount() int {
+	if m.deps.CloseUploadIDs == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
 	n := 0
-	for _, ids := range m.pending {
+	for _, svc := range m.onCloseServices() {
-		n += len(ids)
+		n += len(m.deps.CloseUploadIDs(svc))
 	}
 	return n
 }
 
-// FlushOnClose uploads every queued QSO. Called from the shutdown sequence.
+// FlushOnClose uploads every QSO due for an on-close push, scanning the whole
-// QRZ/Club Log go one-by-one (fast HTTP); LoTW is signed and uploaded as a
+// logbook (not just this session). Called from the shutdown sequence. QRZ/Club
-// single TQSL batch. Returns the number of QSOs uploaded successfully.
+// Log go one-by-one (fast HTTP); LoTW is signed and uploaded as a single TQSL
+// batch. Returns the number of QSOs uploaded successfully.
 func (m *Manager) FlushOnClose() int {
-	m.mu.Lock()
+	if m.deps.CloseUploadIDs == nil {
-	pending := m.pending
+		return 0
-	m.pending = map[Service][]int64{}
+	}
-	cfg := m.cfg
+	cfg := m.Config()
-	m.mu.Unlock()
-
 	uploaded := 0
-	for svc, ids := range pending {
+	for _, svc := range m.onCloseServices() {
+		ids := m.deps.CloseUploadIDs(svc)
 		if len(ids) == 0 {
 			continue
 		}
 		switch svc {
 		case ServiceLoTW:
 			uploaded += m.flushLoTWBatch(ids, cfg.LoTW)
-		default:
-			var sc ServiceConfig
-			switch svc {
 		case ServiceQRZ:
-				sc = cfg.QRZ
-			case ServiceClublog:
-				sc = cfg.Clublog
-			}
 			for _, id := range ids {
-				if m.upload(svc, id, sc) {
+				if m.upload(svc, id, cfg.QRZ) {
+					uploaded++
+				}
+			}
+		case ServiceClublog:
+			for _, id := range ids {
+				if m.upload(svc, id, cfg.Clublog) {
 					uploaded++
 				}
 			}

internal/qso/qso.go

@@ -519,6 +519,56 @@ func (r *Repo) ListForUpload(ctx context.Context, column, value string) ([]Uploa
 	return out, rows.Err()
 }
 
+// UploadCandidate is a QSO eligible for an on-close upload: its id plus its
+// STATION_CALLSIGN, so the caller can keep only the rows that belong to the
+// active logbook's callsign (a mixed-call DB — F4BPO, F4BPO/P, TM2Q — must not
+// all be signed under one cert).
+type UploadCandidate struct {
+	ID             int64
+	StationCallsign string
+}
+
+// ListUploadCandidates returns QSOs eligible for an on-close upload to a
+// service, scanning the whole logbook. For LoTW (column "lotw_sent"), statuses
+// is the set of sent-status values to treat as "to send" (e.g. N, R); rows
+// already "Y" are excluded. For QRZ/Club Log, statuses is ignored and anything
+// whose upload status isn't yet "Y" qualifies.
+func (r *Repo) ListUploadCandidates(ctx context.Context, column string, statuses []string) ([]UploadCandidate, error) {
+	if !uploadStatusCols[column] {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid upload column %q", column)
+	}
+	var where string
+	var args []any
+	if column == "lotw_sent" {
+		if len(statuses) == 0 {
+			return nil, nil
+		}
+		ph := make([]string, len(statuses))
+		for i, s := range statuses {
+			ph[i] = "?"
+			args = append(args, strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(s)))
+		}
+		where = "UPPER(COALESCE(lotw_sent,'')) IN (" + strings.Join(ph, ",") + ")"
+	} else {
+		where = "UPPER(COALESCE(" + column + ",'')) <> 'Y'"
+	}
+	rows, err := r.db.QueryContext(ctx,
+		`SELECT id, COALESCE(station_callsign,'') FROM qso WHERE `+where+` ORDER BY qso_date`, args...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list upload candidates: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	var out []UploadCandidate
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var c UploadCandidate
+		if err := rows.Scan(&c.ID, &c.StationCallsign); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		out = append(out, c)
+	}
+	return out, rows.Err()
+}
+
 // MarkQRZUploaded stamps QRZCOM_QSO_UPLOAD_STATUS=Y and the upload date on
 // a QSO after a successful push to the QRZ.com logbook. date is an ADIF
 // YYYYMMDD string. Only the two QRZ columns are touched — no full-row