chore: release v0.25.6

docs(wiki): cover the recent work, with worked examples
Asked for the wiki to catch up, and to be explicit — examples rather than descriptions. New page and six rewritten sections. Recent QSOs and Filters, the page named in the request: the right-click menu is now a table of what every entry does, and the filter builder has five worked multi-criteria filters written out field by field, each ending in what you then do with the result. Including the distinction that prompted it — "export selected" takes the highlighted rows, "export filtered view" takes every QSO the filter matched, and after building a filter it is the second one you want. Plus the traps: ADIF date format, and "is empty" not being "equals N". Connections (new): the page for a settings section that had none. What OpsLog listens to and sends, which outbound row another logger actually wants — a logger asking for "WSJT-X UDP" discards a bare ADIF record — the custom-message triggers with their placeholder lists, three worked examples, and the port-clash warning that produced this week's CAT-drop report. Amplifiers and Switches: the generic HTTP relay in full — per-relay URLs, the pattern form, {relay}, {relay-1} and {value} with what each one sends — relay automatic control with a four-relay antenna-switch example, and the bench power supply including why OpsLog writes only its output. Rotators: the two new native types (SPID with the Rot1Prog/Rot2Prog choice, DCU-1), two-rotor setups, and that Test only reads the heading on the types where it does. Awards: the US county database, and the difference between the automatic fill (blanks only) and the right-click re-derive (replaces) — with the Connecticut planning regions, which is the case that needs it. QSL Management: QSL_VIA against QSL_SENT_VIA/QSL_RCVD_VIA, why an import shows E on every Log4OM record, and that V counts as confirmed. Troubleshooting: the three field reports of the last few days, by symptom. Every [[link]] checked to resolve.
2026-08-16 14:19:31 +02:00 · 2026-08-16 14:07:38 +02:00 · 2026-08-16 13:39:23 +02:00 · 2026-08-16 13:31:00 +02:00 · 2026-08-16 13:18:47 +02:00 · 2026-08-16 13:15:55 +02:00
49 changed files with 3119 additions and 143 deletions
@@ -52,14 +52,15 @@ import (
 	"hamlog/internal/powergenius"
 	"hamlog/internal/profile"
 	"hamlog/internal/pskr"
+	"hamlog/internal/psu"
 	"hamlog/internal/qslcard"
 	"hamlog/internal/qso"
 	"hamlog/internal/relaydev"
 	"hamlog/internal/rigctld"
 	"hamlog/internal/rotator/dcu1"
-	"hamlog/internal/rotator/spid"
 	"hamlog/internal/rotator/gs232"
 	"hamlog/internal/rotator/pst"
+	"hamlog/internal/rotator/spid"
 	"hamlog/internal/rotgenius"
 	"hamlog/internal/scp"
 	"hamlog/internal/settings"
@@ -690,6 +691,7 @@ type App struct {
 	motorInhibited atomic.Bool         // TX currently inhibited by the motor-antenna watcher
 	antgenius      *antgenius.Client   // Antenna Genius (4O3A) switch (TCP); nil when disabled
 	tunergenius    *tunergenius.Client // Tuner Genius XL (4O3A) ATU (TCP); nil when disabled
+	psu            *psu.Client         // bench power supply over Modbus RTU (serial); nil when disabled
 	pgxl           *powergenius.Client // PowerGenius XL (4O3A) amp fan control (TCP); nil when disabled
 	spe            *spe.Client         // legacy pointer: FIRST enabled SPE amp (kept for the pre-multi bindings)
 	acom           *acom.Client        // legacy pointer: FIRST enabled ACOM amp
@@ -1415,6 +1417,8 @@ func (a *App) startup(ctx context.Context) {
 	a.startTunerGenius()
 	// PowerGenius XL amp fan control: connect in the background if enabled.
 	a.startAmps()
+	// Bench power supply (Modbus RTU): connect in the background if enabled.
+	a.startPSU()

 	// Autostart: launch the active profile's configured external programs that
 	// aren't already running (WSJT-X, JTAlert, rotator control, …). Background
@@ -8771,7 +8775,11 @@ func (a *App) NetDeactivate(id int64) (int64, error) {

 const (
 	defaultEmailSubject = "Our QSO recording — {CALL}"
-	defaultEmailBody    = "Hi,\n\nGreat to work you! Please find attached the audio recording of our QSO.\n\n{DATE}  ·  {BAND}  ·  {MODE}\n\n73,\n{MYCALL}"
+	// Same credit line as the QSL e-mail, and for the same reason it lives in the
+	// template rather than being appended at send time: it is a default, so an
+	// operator deletes it once, and one who already saved their own body never
+	// sees it — a stored template is returned verbatim.
+	defaultEmailBody = "Hi,\n\nGreat to work you! Please find attached the audio recording of our QSO.\n\n{DATE}  ·  {BAND}  ·  {MODE}\n\n73,\n{MYCALL}\n\n" + qslCredit
 )

 // EmailSettings is the user's SMTP config + auto-send + message templates.
@@ -10549,6 +10557,66 @@ func (a *App) applyULSCounty(q *qso.QSO) {
 	}
 }

+// UpdateQSOsCountyFromULS re-derives the county of the selected US contacts from
+// the offline ULS database, and OVERWRITES what is there.
+//
+// That is the difference from applyULSCounty beside it, and it is deliberate.
+// The automatic pass fills blanks only, because a value the operator or QRZ
+// supplied is usually better than one derived from a ZIP code. This one is asked
+// for by hand, on a chosen set of rows, precisely BECAUSE the stored county is
+// believed wrong — the Connecticut planning regions are the case that prompted
+// it: every CT contact logged before that correction holds a county the state
+// abolished in 2022, and no amount of filling blanks reaches them.
+//
+// Only US entities are touched, only callsigns the database knows, and only when
+// the answer actually differs — so re-running it on a mixed selection is safe
+// and the count reported is the number of counties that really changed.
+func (a *App) UpdateQSOsCountyFromULS(ids []int64) (int, error) {
+	if a.qso == nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("db not initialized")
+	}
+	if a.uls == nil || a.uls.Count() == 0 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("the US county database has not been downloaded yet — Settings › Awards › US counties")
+	}
+	changed := 0
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		q, err := a.qso.GetByID(a.ctx, id)
+		if err != nil || q.DXCC == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		switch *q.DXCC {
+		case 291, 110, 6: // United States, Hawaii, Alaska
+		default:
+			continue
+		}
+		loc, ok := a.uls.Resolve(q.Callsign)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		cnty := loc.CNTY()
+		if cnty == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if q.County == cnty && (loc.State == "" || q.State == loc.State) {
+			continue
+		}
+		q.County = cnty
+		if loc.State != "" {
+			q.State = loc.State
+		}
+		if a.qso.Update(a.ctx, q) == nil {
+			changed++
+		}
+	}
+	if changed > 0 {
+		// The county IS the reference for CQ USA-CA and the state for WAS, so the
+		// stored award refs are stale the moment it changes.
+		a.invalidateAwardStats()
+		a.materializeAwardRefsForIDs(ids)
+	}
+	return changed, nil
+}
+
 // ULSStatusResult reports whether the county database is loaded, and how fresh.
 type ULSStatusResult struct {
 	Count     int    `json:"count"`
@@ -14120,8 +14188,9 @@ func (a *App) ActivateProfile(id int64) error {

 // reloadAfterProfileSwitch re-applies all settings-derived state for the newly
 // active profile: lookup providers, upload-service accounts, CAT connection,
-// and the QSO recorder (audio devices). The Winkeyer stays as-is (the operator
-// connects it explicitly). The frontend reloads its panels via profile:changed.
+// the station hardware, and the QSO recorder (audio devices). The Winkeyer
+// stays as-is (the operator connects it explicitly). The frontend reloads its
+// panels via profile:changed.
 func (a *App) reloadAfterProfileSwitch() {
 	a.reloadLookupProviders()
 	if a.extsvc != nil {
@@ -14131,6 +14200,22 @@ func (a *App) reloadAfterProfileSwitch() {
 	// runs from ActivateProfile, a click, and a rig that is slow to release would
 	// otherwise freeze the switch.
 	a.restartAsync("cat", a.reloadCAT)
+	// Every device below is configured PER PROFILE, and none of them used to
+	// follow the profile: they were built once at startup and again only when
+	// Settings was saved. An operator with an SPE on COM9 for HF and another on
+	// COM10 for 6 m — one amplifier per profile, which is the whole point of
+	// having two — switched profile and stayed connected to the previous port,
+	// then had to open Settings and press Save to get the right one. Save is not
+	// a connect button; switching profile is what asks for this hardware.
+	//
+	// Unconditional, exactly as a save is: the alternative is comparing every
+	// device's configuration between profiles, and a needless reconnect on a
+	// profile switch costs a second, while a missed one costs the amplifier.
+	a.restartAsync("amp", a.startAmps)
+	a.restartAsync("antenna", a.startUltrabeam)
+	a.restartAsync("antgenius", a.startAntGenius)
+	a.restartAsync("tuner", a.startTunerGenius)
+	a.restartAsync("psu", a.startPSU)
 	a.startQSORecorderIfEnabled()
 }

@@ -14757,6 +14842,13 @@ func buildDeviceDriver(d StationDevice) relaydev.Device {
 	case "usbrelay":
 		// Host carries the COM port (e.g. "COM5"); CH340/LCUS "A0" serial protocol.
 		return relaydev.NewSerialRelay(d.Host, deviceRelayCount(d))
+	case "httpgen":
+		// The whole board lives in its URLs — Host is not used at all, which is
+		// why it may be left empty. Leaving this case out is what made the
+		// generic board fall through to the WebSwitch driver below: it answered
+		// the WebSwitch's own address, never sent one configured URL, and
+		// reported itself offline so every relay button stayed greyed out.
+		return relaydev.NewHTTPGeneric(d.OnURLs, d.OffURLs, d.OnPat, d.OffPat, d.User, d.Pass, deviceRelayCount(d), d.Labels)
 	default:
 		return relaydev.NewWebswitch(d.Host)
 	}
@@ -14765,7 +14857,20 @@ func buildDeviceDriver(d StationDevice) relaydev.Device {
 // deviceKey is the config signature that, when unchanged, lets us reuse a device's
 // open driver (and its OS handle) instead of rebuilding it every poll.
 func deviceKey(d StationDevice) string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s|%s|%s|%s|%d", d.Type, d.Host, d.User, d.Pass, deviceRelayCount(d))
+	k := fmt.Sprintf("%s|%s|%s|%s|%d", d.Type, d.Host, d.User, d.Pass, deviceRelayCount(d))
+	if d.Type == "httpgen" {
+		// The generic board's entire configuration is its URLs, and none of it is
+		// in the signature above. Correcting a typo in one of them would have
+		// handed back the cached driver still holding the wrong address, so the
+		// fix appeared to do nothing until OpsLog was restarted.
+		k += "|" + d.OnPat + "|" + d.OffPat +
+			"|" + strings.Join(d.OnURLs, "\x1f") + "|" + strings.Join(d.OffURLs, "\x1f") +
+			// The labels are part of the wire format here: {value} sends them.
+			// Renaming a relay re-addresses it, and the cached driver would keep
+			// commanding the old name.
+			"|" + strings.Join(d.Labels, "\x1f")
+	}
+	return k
 }

 // driverFor returns the cached, still-open driver for a device, building it once
@@ -15864,13 +15969,24 @@ func (a *App) restartMotorFollow(s UltrabeamSettings) {
 		close(a.ubFollowStop)
 		a.ubFollowStop = nil
 	}
-	if !s.Follow || a.motorAnt == nil {
-		applog.Printf("ultrabeam: follow loop stopped")
+	// Say WHICH of the two reasons it is. "follow loop stopped" covered both, and
+	// at startup — where nothing was running to stop — it read as a fault. An
+	// operator whose antenna sat at 21050 while the rig worked 21074 sent a log
+	// that said the antenna had started, answered every poll, and had its follow
+	// loop "stopped": three lines that together looked like a link going dead,
+	// when tracking was simply switched off and the antenna was waiting to be
+	// tuned by hand.
+	if a.motorAnt == nil {
+		applog.Printf("antenna: tracking not started — no antenna connected")
+		return
+	}
+	if !s.Follow {
+		applog.Printf("antenna: %s connected, but TRACKING IS OFF in Settings — it will not follow the rig, and only moves when you tune it by hand", s.Type)
 		return
 	}
 	stop := make(chan struct{})
 	a.ubFollowStop = stop
-	applog.Printf("ultrabeam: follow loop restarting — covered bands %v, mode %s, step %d kHz", s.Bands, normMotorTrackMode(s.TrackMode), s.StepKHz)
+	applog.Printf("antenna: %s tracking the rig — covered bands %v, mode %s, step %d kHz", s.Type, s.Bands, normMotorTrackMode(s.TrackMode), s.StepKHz)
 	go a.ultrabeamFollowLoop(a.motorAnt, s.TrackMode, s.StepKHz, s.Bands, stop)
 }

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"hamlog/internal/applog"
+	"hamlog/internal/psu"
+)
+
+// ── Bench power supply (Modbus RTU) ──────────────────────────────────────────
+//
+// A programmable supply feeding the shack, switched on and off from OpsLog so
+// the station comes up and goes down with the logbook rather than by reaching
+// behind the desk.
+//
+// OpsLog READS the supply's measurements and its set points, and WRITES exactly
+// one thing: the output on/off. The register map has the voltage and current
+// set points and the three protection trip levels as writable too, and none of
+// them belong to a logbook — a wrong value there is 30 V where a radio expected
+// 13.8. See internal/psu for the map and where it comes from.
+
+const (
+	keyPSUEnabled = "psu.enabled"
+	keyPSUPort    = "psu.com_port"
+	keyPSUBaud    = "psu.baud"
+	keyPSUAddress = "psu.address" // Modbus slave address, 1…15 on this family
+)
+
+// PSUSettings is the JSON shape for the Hardware → Power supply panel.
+type PSUSettings struct {
+	Enabled bool   `json:"enabled"`
+	ComPort string `json:"com_port"`
+	Baud    int    `json:"baud"`    // 9600 from the factory
+	Address int    `json:"address"` // 1 from the factory
+}
+
+// GetPSUSettings returns the persisted supply config.
+func (a *App) GetPSUSettings() (PSUSettings, error) {
+	out := PSUSettings{Baud: 9600, Address: 1}
+	if a.settings == nil {
+		return out, fmt.Errorf("db not initialized")
+	}
+	m, err := a.settings.GetMany(a.ctx, keyPSUEnabled, keyPSUPort, keyPSUBaud, keyPSUAddress)
+	if err != nil {
+		return out, err
+	}
+	out.Enabled = m[keyPSUEnabled] == "1"
+	out.ComPort = m[keyPSUPort]
+	if v, e := strconv.Atoi(m[keyPSUBaud]); e == nil && v > 0 {
+		out.Baud = v
+	}
+	if v, e := strconv.Atoi(m[keyPSUAddress]); e == nil && v >= 1 && v <= 250 {
+		out.Address = v
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// SavePSUSettings persists the config and (re)starts or stops the client.
+func (a *App) SavePSUSettings(s PSUSettings) error {
+	if a.settings == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("db not initialized")
+	}
+	if s.Baud <= 0 {
+		s.Baud = 9600
+	}
+	// The manual gives 1…15 for the address field and 1…250 for the address
+	// SETTING register. Clamped to the wider range and defaulted to 1: an
+	// address of 0 is the Modbus broadcast, which never answers, so accepting it
+	// would give a supply that is present and permanently "not responding".
+	if s.Address < 1 || s.Address > 250 {
+		s.Address = 1
+	}
+	for k, v := range map[string]string{
+		keyPSUEnabled: boolStr(s.Enabled),
+		keyPSUPort:    strings.TrimSpace(s.ComPort),
+		keyPSUBaud:    strconv.Itoa(s.Baud),
+		keyPSUAddress: strconv.Itoa(s.Address),
+	} {
+		if err := a.settings.Set(a.ctx, k, v); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	a.restartAsync("psu", a.startPSU)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// startPSU stops any running client and starts a fresh one if the supply is
+// enabled and has a port. Safe to call repeatedly (startup, settings save,
+// profile switch).
+func (a *App) startPSU() {
+	if a.psu != nil {
+		go a.psu.Stop()
+		a.psu = nil
+	}
+	s, err := a.GetPSUSettings()
+	if err != nil {
+		applog.Printf("psu: not started — settings unavailable: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if !s.Enabled {
+		return
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(s.ComPort) == "" {
+		applog.Printf("psu: not started — no serial port configured")
+		return
+	}
+	applog.Printf("psu: starting on %s @ %d baud, Modbus address %d", s.ComPort, s.Baud, s.Address)
+	a.psu = psu.New(psu.Config{ComPort: s.ComPort, Baud: s.Baud, Address: byte(s.Address)})
+	_ = a.psu.Start()
+}
+
+// GetPSUStatus returns the supply's last polled state for the UI.
+func (a *App) GetPSUStatus() psu.Status {
+	if a.psu == nil {
+		return psu.Status{}
+	}
+	return a.psu.GetStatus()
+}
+
+// SetPSUOutput switches the supply's output. The only write OpsLog makes to it.
+func (a *App) SetPSUOutput(on bool) error {
+	if a.psu == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("the power supply is not enabled in Settings")
+	}
+	return a.psu.SetOutput(on)
+}
@@ -45,9 +45,20 @@ const appQSLCardSentField = "APP_OPSLOG_QSL_SENT"
 // (please send one). Independent of ADIF qsl_rcvd, like the sent field.
 const appQSLCardRcvdField = "APP_OPSLOG_QSL_RCVD"

+// qslCredit closes the default QSL e-mail: who made the card, and where the
+// recipient can get the same program.
+//
+// A DEFAULT, not a signature. It lives in the body template like every other
+// line, so an operator who does not want it deletes it once and it is gone —
+// and one who has already written their own body never sees it appear, because
+// a stored template is returned verbatim and the default is only the fallback.
+// Appending it at send time instead would have made it unremovable, which is
+// not a thing to do to someone's outgoing mail.
+const qslCredit = "--\nDesigned & sent by OpsLog — " + releasesPageURL
+
 const (
 	defaultQSLEmailSubject = "eQSL — {CALL} de {MYCALL}"
-	defaultQSLEmailBody    = "Hi,\n\nThank you for our QSO! Please find attached your eQSL card.\n\n{DATE}  ·  {BAND}  ·  {MODE}\n\n73,\n{MYCALL}"
+	defaultQSLEmailBody    = "Hi,\n\nThank you for our QSO! Please find attached your eQSL card.\n\n{DATE}  ·  {BAND}  ·  {MODE}\n\n73,\n{MYCALL}\n\n" + qslCredit
 )

 // qslDir is the root of all designer artifacts: templates/<id>/ and outbox/.
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package main
+
+import "testing"
+
+// A band change now has two sources: the rig, and the entry strip on a station
+// whose rig OpsLog does not control. They share one memory of the last band, so
+// a station that has both commands its antenna switch once per QSY rather than
+// twice — the entry selector pushes a QSY, the rig reports the same band back,
+// and only the first of the two is a change.
+func TestBandChangeIsNotedOncePerBand(t *testing.T) {
+	lastTriggerBandMu.Lock()
+	lastTriggerBand = ""
+	lastTriggerBandMu.Unlock()
+
+	if b, changed := noteBandChange("20m"); !changed || b != "20m" {
+		t.Fatalf("first 20m = (%q,%v), want (\"20m\",true)", b, changed)
+	}
+	// The same band from the other source — the rig echoing the QSY back.
+	if _, changed := noteBandChange("20M"); changed {
+		t.Error("the rig echoing the band back counted as a second change — the switch would be commanded twice")
+	}
+	if _, changed := noteBandChange(" 20m "); changed {
+		t.Error("whitespace made the same band look new")
+	}
+	if b, changed := noteBandChange("40m"); !changed || b != "40m" {
+		t.Errorf("40m = (%q,%v), want (\"40m\",true)", b, changed)
+	}
+	// An unknown band must not be recorded, or the next real one would look
+	// unchanged against it.
+	if _, changed := noteBandChange(""); changed {
+		t.Error("an empty band was treated as a change")
+	}
+	if _, changed := noteBandChange("40m"); changed {
+		t.Error("the empty band overwrote the last one")
+	}
+}
@@ -1,4 +1,52 @@
 [
+  {
+    "version": "0.25.6",
+    "date": "",
+    "en": [
+      "Right-click: update the US county of the selected contacts from the ULS database, replacing a county since renamed or abolished.",
+      "A QSO logged from WSJT-X, MSHV or a net now appears in Recent QSOs at once, instead of waiting for a delayed auto-upload to send it.",
+      "New installs: the default QSL and recording e-mails end with a credit line and a link to OpsLog. Part of the template, so delete it if unwanted.",
+      "Relay automatic control and band-change messages now follow the Band selector too, so a station without CAT switches its antenna when you change band.",
+      "Fixed OpsLog re-tuning its own rig from its own radio broadcasts, which dropped the CAT link on every JTDX or WSJT-X “Fake It” transmission.",
+      "New device: a bench power supply on Modbus RTU (BSIDE, Wanptek and kin) — its output switched from Station Control, with volts, amps and watts.",
+      "SPID rotator: a Rot1Prog controller turned nearly a full circle the wrong way for every heading — its commands take three digits, not four.",
+      "The compass sweeps with a turning antenna instead of jumping, and the controller is polled once for the whole app rather than by each panel.",
+      "A rotator test that only reads the heading now says so, instead of naming PstRotator for a move it never commanded."
+    ],
+    "fr": [
+      "Clic droit : mettre à jour le comté US des contacts sélectionnés depuis la base ULS, pour remplacer un comté renommé ou supprimé.",
+      "Un QSO logué depuis WSJT-X, MSHV ou un net apparaît aussitôt dans les QSO récents, sans attendre l’envoi d’un upload automatique différé.",
+      "Nouvelles installations : les mails QSL et enregistrement par défaut finissent par une ligne de crédit et un lien vers OpsLog. Dans le modèle, supprimable.",
+      "Le contrôle automatique des relais et les messages de changement de bande suivent aussi le champ Band : une station sans CAT commute enfin son antenne.",
+      "Corrigé : OpsLog réaccordait sa propre radio depuis ses propres diffusions, ce qui coupait le lien CAT à chaque émission JTDX ou WSJT-X en « Fake It ».",
+      "Nouvel appareil : alimentation de laboratoire en Modbus RTU (BSIDE, Wanptek et similaires) — sortie commutée depuis Contrôle station, avec V, A et W.",
+      "Rotator SPID : un contrôleur Rot1Prog tournait presque un tour complet à l’envers pour chaque azimut — ses commandes tiennent trois chiffres, pas quatre.",
+      "Le compas suit l’antenne en rotation au lieu de sauter, et le contrôleur est interrogé une fois pour toute l’application, plus par chaque panneau.",
+      "Un test de rotator qui ne fait que lire l’azimut le dit, au lieu de citer PstRotator pour un mouvement jamais commandé."
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "version": "0.25.5",
+    "date": "",
+    "en": [
+      "DX cluster: when spots arrive and every one is filtered out, the panel says so, names the filters doing it and offers to clear them — it used to say “waiting for spots” beside a counter reading 76 live.",
+      "DX cluster: the log times the connection and the first spot, so a slow first launch can be told apart from a quiet node.",
+      "Generic HTTP relay: its URLs were never actually sent — fixed. {value} sends the relay's label, {relay-1} counts from zero, no host needed.",
+      "Switching profile now reconnects the amplifier, antenna, Antenna Genius and tuner — they stayed on the previous profile's ports until you saved Settings.",
+      "SteppIR: one missed reply used to wedge the link — the antenna stopped responding, with nothing at all in the log. It now recovers on its own.",
+      "The log now says when a motorized antenna is connected but tracking is off, instead of a line that read like a fault.",
+      "DXHunter spot clicks tune the rig again: the frequency it sends is read in whatever unit it uses, not always as MHz."
+    ],
+    "fr": [
+      "Cluster DX : quand des spots arrivent et que tout est filtré, le panneau le dit, nomme les filtres responsables et propose de les effacer — il affichait « en attente de spots » à côté d’un compteur à 76 en direct.",
+      "Cluster DX : le journal chronomètre la connexion et le premier spot, pour distinguer un premier lancement lent d’un nœud silencieux.",
+      "Relais HTTP générique : ses URL n’étaient jamais envoyées — corrigé. {value} envoie le libellé du relais, {relay-1} compte de zéro, hôte inutile.",
+      "Changer de profil reconnecte l’ampli, l’antenne, l’Antenna Genius et le tuner — ils restaient sur les ports du profil précédent jusqu’à un Enregistrer.",
+      "SteppIR : une seule réponse manquée bloquait la liaison — l’antenne ne répondait plus, sans rien dans le journal. Elle se rétablit maintenant seule.",
+      "Le journal indique désormais qu’une antenne motorisée est connectée mais que le suivi est désactivé, au lieu d’une ligne qui ressemblait à une panne.",
+      "Les clics de spot DXHunter accordent à nouveau le rig : la fréquence envoyée est lue dans son unité réelle, plus toujours en MHz."
+    ]
+  },
  {
    "version": "0.25.4",
    "date": "",
@@ -11,17 +11,17 @@ import {
  SaveCabrilloFile, ExportCabrillo, ExportCabrilloFiltered, ExportCabrilloSelected,
  ContestDupe,
  GetQSO, UpdateQSO, DeleteQSO, DeleteQSOs, DeleteAllQSO,
-  UpdateQSOsFromCty, UpdateQSOsFromQRZ, UpdateQSOsFromClublog, UploadQSOsManual, SendQSORecordingEmail,
+  UpdateQSOsFromCty, UpdateQSOsFromQRZ, UpdateQSOsFromClublog, UpdateQSOsCountyFromULS, ULSStatus, UploadQSOsManual, SendQSORecordingEmail,
  LookupCallsign, GetStationSettings, GetListsSettings,
  GetStartupStatus, CheckForUpdate, DownloadAndApplyUpdate, GetLiveStations, GetWhatsNew, GetChangelog,
  SMTPConfigured, SendLogToDeveloper,
  WorkedBefore,
  SetCompactMode, SetCompactHeight,
  RotatorGoToPath,
-  GetCATState, SetCATFrequency, SetCATMode, SwitchCATRig, FlexApplyBandAntenna, FlexApplyBandPower,
+  GetCATState, SetCATFrequency, SetCATMode, SwitchCATRig, EntryBandChanged, FlexApplyBandAntenna, FlexApplyBandPower,
  GetSecretStatus, UnlockSecrets,
  RefreshCtyDat, DownloadAllReferenceLists,
-  RotatorGoTo, RotatorStop, GetRotatorHeading, SetActiveRotor,
+  RotatorGoTo, RotatorStop, SetActiveRotor,
  GetDBConnectionInfo, GetLogbookRevision,
  GetUltrabeamStatus, SetUltrabeamDirection, UILog,
  GetAntGeniusStatus, GetAntGeniusSettings, AntGeniusActivate,
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ import { DetailsPanel, type DetailsState } from '@/components/DetailsPanel';
 import { SendSpotModal, type RecentSpotQSO } from '@/components/SendSpotModal';
 import { WinkeyerPanel, type WKStatus, type WKMacro } from '@/components/WinkeyerPanel';
 import { RotorCompass } from '@/components/RotorCompass';
+import { subscribeRotorHeading, pokeRotorHeading } from '@/lib/rotorHeading';
 import { writeUiPref } from '@/lib/uiPref';
 import { formatDateTimeUTC } from '@/lib/dateFormat';
 import { titleCase, sentenceCase } from '@/lib/textCase';
@@ -730,10 +731,19 @@ export default function App() {
  function onBandUserChange(v: string) {
    setBand(v);
    noteManualEdit();
-    if (catState.enabled && catState.connected && !locks.band && !locks.freq) {
+    // A lock means this value is deliberately decoupled from the rig (logging an
+    // old contact off-frequency) — drive nothing, neither the radio nor an antenna.
+    if (locks.band || locks.freq) return;
+    if (catState.enabled && catState.connected) {
      const hz = qsyFreqHz(v, mode);
      if (hz > 0) SetCATFrequency(hz).catch(() => {});
+      return; // the rig reports back, and the relays follow from its state
    }
+    // No rig to push to, so THIS is the band change. Without it, relay automatic
+    // control and the band-change outbound rows never heard about it — they only
+    // ever listened to the CAT state, which on a station without rig control
+    // never says anything.
+    EntryBandChanged(v).catch(() => {});
  }
  function onModeUserChange(v: string) {
    setMode(v);
@@ -1539,6 +1549,41 @@ export default function App() {
  // Hide spots already worked (exact call worked, or this band+mode slot done).
  const [clusterHideWorked, setClusterHideWorked] = useState(() => lsBool('opslog.clusterHideWorked', false));

+  // Everything currently narrowing the spot list, in words. Shown when spots
+  // arrived and none survived — the operator needs to know WHICH filter to
+  // loosen, and the two locks are the least memorable because they follow the
+  // rig rather than a click.
+  const clusterActiveFilterSummary = useMemo(() => {
+    const on: string[] = [];
+    if (clusterLockBand) on.push(t('clg2.fBandLock'));
+    else if (clusterBands.size > 0) on.push(t('clg2.fBands', { list: [...clusterBands].join(', ') }));
+    if (clusterLockMode) on.push(t('clg2.fModeLock'));
+    else if (clusterModeFilter.size > 0) on.push(t('clg2.fModes', { list: [...clusterModeFilter].join(', ') }));
+    if (clusterStatusFilter.size > 0) on.push(t('clg2.fStatus'));
+    if (clusterHideWorked) on.push(t('clg2.fHideWorked'));
+    if (clusterLotwOnly) on.push(t('clg2.fLotwOnly'));
+    if (clusterSpotterConts.size > 0) on.push(t('clg2.fSpotterCont'));
+    if (clusterFilterSource) on.push(t('clg2.fSource'));
+    if (clusterSearch.trim()) on.push(t('clg2.fSearch', { q: clusterSearch.trim() }));
+    return on.join(' · ');
+  }, [t, clusterLockBand, clusterBands, clusterLockMode, clusterModeFilter, clusterStatusFilter,
+    clusterHideWorked, clusterLotwOnly, clusterSpotterConts, clusterFilterSource, clusterSearch]);
+
+  // Undo every one of them at once. A list of ten switches spread down a panel
+  // is not something to walk back by hand when the answer is "show me anything".
+  const clearClusterFilters = useCallback(() => {
+    setClusterLockBand(false);
+    setClusterBands(new Set());
+    setClusterLockMode(false);
+    setClusterModeFilter(new Set());
+    setClusterStatusFilter(new Set());
+    setClusterHideWorked(false);
+    setClusterLotwOnly(false);
+    setClusterSpotterConts(new Set());
+    setClusterFilterSource('');
+    setClusterSearch('');
+  }, []);
+
  // Persist every cluster filter selection whenever it changes, so it is still
  // set after a close/reopen.
  useEffect(() => {
@@ -2192,16 +2237,34 @@ export default function App() {
    }
  }, [buildActiveFilter]);

-  // Refresh the Recent QSOs grid after external-service uploads stamp the
-  // sent status (auto-upload via extsvc:uploaded, or manual QSL Manager via
-  // qslmgr:done). Debounced so a batch of per-QSO events triggers one reload.
+  // Reload the Recent QSOs grid when the log changes.
+  //
+  // qso:logged is the important one, and it was missing. The entry form calls
+  // refresh() itself after AddQSO, so a QSO TYPED here always appeared — but a
+  // QSO logged from anywhere else (WSJT-X / MSHV over UDP, JTAlert, NET
+  // Control, an offline replay) only reached the grid when something else
+  // happened to reload it, and the something else was the upload: with
+  // auto-upload set to immediate, extsvc:uploaded arrived a second later and
+  // hid the gap entirely.
+  //
+  // Which is why this surfaced as "delayed upload breaks the recent list". It
+  // does not — the grid was waiting on the upload for its news. On a delayed
+  // service the QSO appeared one to two minutes late, and on close-of-session
+  // upload not until the next launch: the corrections that deferring the upload
+  // exists to allow could not be made, because there was nothing to correct on
+  // screen. The list follows the LOG now, and the upload only stamps a status.
+  //
+  // Debounced: qso:logged fires twice per contact (once on insert, once when
+  // the award refs are materialised), and a contest run fires it every few
+  // seconds.
  useEffect(() => {
    let t: number | undefined;
    const ping = () => { if (t) window.clearTimeout(t); t = window.setTimeout(() => { refresh(); }, 400); };
+    const offLogged = EventsOn('qso:logged', ping);
    const offUploaded = EventsOn('extsvc:uploaded', ping);
    const offDone = EventsOn('qslmgr:done', ping);
    const offEqsl = EventsOn('qsl:sent', ping);
-    return () => { offUploaded(); offDone(); offEqsl(); if (t) window.clearTimeout(t); };
+    return () => { offLogged(); offUploaded(); offDone(); offEqsl(); if (t) window.clearTimeout(t); };
  }, [refresh]);

  // The backend bulk-recomputed the materialised award_refs (an award definition
@@ -2328,17 +2391,12 @@ export default function App() {
    };
  }, []);

-  // Poll PstRotator for the live antenna heading (status bar). Cheap when the
-  // rotator is disabled (the backend just reads settings and returns).
-  useEffect(() => {
-    let alive = true;
-    const tick = async () => {
-      try { const h: any = await GetRotatorHeading(); if (alive) setRotatorHeading(h); } catch {}
-    };
-    tick();
-    const id = window.setInterval(tick, 3000);
-    return () => { alive = false; window.clearInterval(id); };
-  }, []);
+  // The live antenna heading, from the shared poller in lib/rotorHeading — fast
+  // while the antenna turns, slow while it is parked, and ONE loop however many
+  // panels are watching. This used to be its own interval alongside Station
+  // Control's, so the controller was polled twice over whenever that tab was
+  // open, and every poll opens and closes the port.
+  useEffect(() => subscribeRotorHeading((h) => setRotatorHeading(h as any)), []);

  // Poll the Ultrabeam antenna for its connection + pattern direction.
  useEffect(() => {
@@ -3548,6 +3606,26 @@ export default function App() {
    catch (e: any) { setError(String(e?.message ?? e)); }
    finally { setBulkProgress(null); }
  }
+  // Whether the offline US county database holds anything. It gates the
+  // right-click entry below: an action that can only answer "no database" is
+  // not worth a line in a menu this long. Re-read when a download finishes, so
+  // the entry appears without a restart.
+  const [ulsReady, setUlsReady] = useState(false);
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const read = () => ULSStatus().then((s: any) => setUlsReady((s?.count ?? 0) > 0)).catch(() => {});
+    read();
+    const off = EventsOn('uls:done', () => { read(); });
+    return () => { off(); };
+  }, []);
+
+  // Re-derive the county of the selected US contacts from the offline ULS
+  // database, OVERWRITING what is stored. Offered only once that database has
+  // been downloaded — see ulsReady above.
+  async function bulkUpdateCountyFromULS(ids: number[]) {
+    if (ids.length === 0) return;
+    try { await afterBulkUpdate(await UpdateQSOsCountyFromULS(ids as any), t('qctx.fromUlsLabel')); }
+    catch (e: any) { setError(String(e?.message ?? e)); }
+  }
  async function bulkUpdateFromClublog(ids: number[]) {
    if (ids.length === 0) return;
    try { await afterBulkUpdate(await UpdateQSOsFromClublog(ids as any), 'from ClubLog'); }
@@ -5217,7 +5295,7 @@ export default function App() {
        return (
          <div className="h-full w-full min-h-0 flex flex-col bg-card border border-border rounded-lg overflow-hidden">
            <WorkedBeforeGrid key={`wbg-${activeProfileId ?? 'x'}`} wb={wbWithAwards as any} myGrid={station.my_grid} awardCols={awardCols} busy={wbBusy} currentCall={callsign} onRowDoubleClicked={(q) => openEdit(q.id as number)}
-              onUpdateFromCty={bulkUpdateFromCty} onUpdateFromQRZ={bulkUpdateFromQRZ} onUpdateFromClublog={bulkUpdateFromClublog}
+              onUpdateFromCty={bulkUpdateFromCty} onUpdateFromQRZ={bulkUpdateFromQRZ} onUpdateFromClublog={bulkUpdateFromClublog} onUpdateCountyFromULS={ulsReady ? bulkUpdateCountyFromULS : undefined}
              onSendTo={bulkSendTo} onSendRecording={bulkSendRecording} onSendEQSL={(ids) => setEqslQsoId(ids[0] ?? null)}
              onBulkEdit={openBulkEdit} onExportSelected={exportSelectedADIF} onExportSelectedFields={exportSelectedFields}
              onExportCabrilloSelected={exportSelectedCabrillo} onDelete={(ids) => setDeletingIds(ids)} />
@@ -5247,7 +5325,7 @@ export default function App() {
          <div className="h-full w-full min-h-0 flex flex-col rounded-lg overflow-hidden border border-border">
            <NetControlPanel onLogged={refresh} countries={countries} bands={bands} modes={modes}
                  qsoMenuHandlers={{
-                    onUpdateFromCty: bulkUpdateFromCty, onUpdateFromQRZ: bulkUpdateFromQRZ, onUpdateFromClublog: bulkUpdateFromClublog,
+                    onUpdateFromCty: bulkUpdateFromCty, onUpdateFromQRZ: bulkUpdateFromQRZ, onUpdateFromClublog: bulkUpdateFromClublog, onUpdateCountyFromULS: ulsReady ? bulkUpdateCountyFromULS : undefined,
                    onSendTo: bulkSendTo, onSendRecording: bulkSendRecording, onSendEQSL: (ids: number[]) => setEqslQsoId(ids[0] ?? null),
                    onDelete: (ids: number[]) => setDeletingIds(ids),
                  }} />
@@ -5271,7 +5349,7 @@ export default function App() {
              onRowDoubleClicked={(q) => openEdit(q.id as number)}
              onUpdateFromCty={bulkUpdateFromCty}
              onUpdateFromQRZ={bulkUpdateFromQRZ}
-              onUpdateFromClublog={bulkUpdateFromClublog}
+              onUpdateFromClublog={bulkUpdateFromClublog} onUpdateCountyFromULS={ulsReady ? bulkUpdateCountyFromULS : undefined}
              onSendTo={bulkSendTo}
              onSendRecording={bulkSendRecording}
              onSendEQSL={(ids) => setEqslQsoId(ids[0] ?? null)}
@@ -5409,7 +5487,7 @@ export default function App() {
                  </button>
                  <button
                    type="button"
-                    onClick={() => RotatorStop().catch((err) => setError(String(err?.message ?? err)))}
+                    onClick={() => { pokeRotorHeading(); RotatorStop().catch((err) => setError(String(err?.message ?? err))); }}
                    title="Stop rotation"
                    className="px-1.5 py-0.5 border-l border-info-border text-danger hover:bg-danger-muted hover:text-danger-muted-foreground cursor-pointer transition-colors"
                  >
@@ -6199,8 +6277,8 @@ export default function App() {
                rotorEnabled={rotatorHeading.enabled && rotatorHeading.ok}
                rotors={(rotatorHeading as any).rotors}
                activeRotor={(rotatorHeading as any).active}
-                onSelectRotor={(i) => { SetActiveRotor(i).then(() => GetRotatorHeading()).then((h: any) => setRotatorHeading(h)).catch((err) => setError(String(err?.message ?? err))); }}
-                onGoto={(az) => RotatorGoTo(Math.round(az), -1).catch((err) => setError(String(err?.message ?? err)))}
+                onSelectRotor={(i) => { SetActiveRotor(i).then(pokeRotorHeading).catch((err) => setError(String(err?.message ?? err))); }}
+                onGoto={(az) => { RotatorGoTo(Math.round(az), -1).then(pokeRotorHeading).catch((err) => setError(String(err?.message ?? err))); }}
                onClose={() => { setShowRotor(false); writeUiPref('opslog.showRotor', '0'); }}
              />
            </div>
@@ -6587,7 +6665,7 @@ export default function App() {
                onRowDoubleClicked={(q) => openEdit(q.id as number)}
                onUpdateFromCty={bulkUpdateFromCty}
                onUpdateFromQRZ={bulkUpdateFromQRZ}
-                onUpdateFromClublog={bulkUpdateFromClublog}
+                onUpdateFromClublog={bulkUpdateFromClublog} onUpdateCountyFromULS={ulsReady ? bulkUpdateCountyFromULS : undefined}
                onSendTo={bulkSendTo}
                onSendRecording={bulkSendRecording}
                onSendEQSL={(ids) => setEqslQsoId(ids[0] ?? null)}
@@ -6738,14 +6816,41 @@ export default function App() {
                // pane). All the filter state lives in the right-side panel.
                const rendered = clusterRenderedRows;
                if (rendered.length === 0) {
+                  const connected = clusterServerStatuses.some((s) => s.state === 'connected');
+                  // Spots HAVE arrived and the filters ate every one of them.
+                  //
+                  // This used to say "Waiting for spots…" regardless, which is a
+                  // lie the moment the counter beside it reads 76 live: an
+                  // operator reads the two together and goes looking for a
+                  // connection fault instead of at the filter panel. The band and
+                  // mode locks are the usual culprits and the least visible —
+                  // they follow the rig, so nobody remembers switching them on.
+                  if (connected && spots.length > 0) {
+                    return (
+                      <div className="flex-1 flex flex-col items-center justify-center text-muted-foreground gap-2 py-12 px-6 text-center">
+                        <SlidersHorizontal className="size-10 opacity-30" />
+                        <div className="text-sm font-semibold text-foreground/70">
+                          {t('clg2.allFiltered', { n: spots.length })}
+                        </div>
+                        {clusterActiveFilterSummary && (
+                          <div className="text-xs max-w-md leading-relaxed">
+                            {t('clg2.activeFilters')} <span className="font-medium text-foreground/80">{clusterActiveFilterSummary}</span>
+                          </div>
+                        )}
+                        <Button size="sm" variant="outline" className="mt-1" onClick={clearClusterFilters}>
+                          {t('clg2.clearAllFilters')}
+                        </Button>
+                      </div>
+                    );
+                  }
                  return (
                    <div className="flex-1 flex flex-col items-center justify-center text-muted-foreground gap-2 py-12">
                      <Hash className="size-10 opacity-30" />
                      <div className="text-sm font-semibold text-foreground/70">
-                        {clusterServerStatuses.some((s) => s.state === 'connected') ? 'Waiting for spots…' : 'No active connection'}
+                        {connected ? 'Waiting for spots…' : 'No active connection'}
                      </div>
                      <div className="text-xs">
-                        {clusterServerStatuses.some((s) => s.state === 'connected')
+                        {connected
                          ? 'Spots will appear as the cluster sends them.'
                          : 'Use Connect all (or configure a cluster in Settings → DX Cluster).'}
                      </div>
@@ -6840,7 +6945,7 @@ export default function App() {

            <TabsContent value="worked" className="mt-0 flex flex-col min-h-0 flex-1">
              <WorkedBeforeGrid key={`wbg-${activeProfileId ?? 'x'}`} wb={wbWithAwards as any} myGrid={station.my_grid} awardCols={awardCols} busy={wbBusy} currentCall={callsign} onRowDoubleClicked={(q) => openEdit(q.id as number)}
-                onUpdateFromCty={bulkUpdateFromCty} onUpdateFromQRZ={bulkUpdateFromQRZ} onUpdateFromClublog={bulkUpdateFromClublog} onSendTo={bulkSendTo} onSendRecording={bulkSendRecording}
+                onUpdateFromCty={bulkUpdateFromCty} onUpdateFromQRZ={bulkUpdateFromQRZ} onUpdateFromClublog={bulkUpdateFromClublog} onUpdateCountyFromULS={ulsReady ? bulkUpdateCountyFromULS : undefined} onSendTo={bulkSendTo} onSendRecording={bulkSendRecording}
                onSendEQSL={(ids) => setEqslQsoId(ids[0] ?? null)}
                onBulkEdit={openBulkEdit} onExportSelected={exportSelectedADIF} onExportSelectedFields={exportSelectedFields}
                onExportCabrilloSelected={exportSelectedCabrillo} onDelete={(ids) => setDeletingIds(ids)} />
@@ -6937,7 +7042,7 @@ export default function App() {
              <TabsContent value="net" className="mt-0 flex flex-col min-h-0 flex-1">
                <NetControlPanel onLogged={refresh} countries={countries} bands={bands} modes={modes}
                  qsoMenuHandlers={{
-                    onUpdateFromCty: bulkUpdateFromCty, onUpdateFromQRZ: bulkUpdateFromQRZ, onUpdateFromClublog: bulkUpdateFromClublog,
+                    onUpdateFromCty: bulkUpdateFromCty, onUpdateFromQRZ: bulkUpdateFromQRZ, onUpdateFromClublog: bulkUpdateFromClublog, onUpdateCountyFromULS: ulsReady ? bulkUpdateCountyFromULS : undefined,
                    onSendTo: bulkSendTo, onSendRecording: bulkSendRecording, onSendEQSL: (ids: number[]) => setEqslQsoId(ids[0] ?? null),
                    onDelete: (ids: number[]) => setDeletingIds(ids),
                  }} />
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ type QSOMenuHandlers = {
  onUpdateFromCty?: (ids: number[]) => void;
  onUpdateFromQRZ?: (ids: number[]) => void;
  onUpdateFromClublog?: (ids: number[]) => void;
+  onUpdateCountyFromULS?: (ids: number[]) => void;
  onSendTo?: (service: string, ids: number[]) => void;
  onSendRecording?: (ids: number[]) => void;
  onSendEQSL?: (ids: number[]) => void;
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useLayoutEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
-import { Globe2, RefreshCw, Upload, BadgeCheck, Mail, FileDown, PencilLine, Trash2 } from 'lucide-react';
+import { Globe2, RefreshCw, Upload, BadgeCheck, Mail, FileDown, PencilLine, Trash2, MapPin } from 'lucide-react';
 import { useI18n } from '@/lib/i18n';

 export type QSOMenuState = { x: number; y: number; ids: number[] } | null;
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ type Props = {
  onUpdateFromCty: (ids: number[]) => void;
  onUpdateFromQRZ: (ids: number[]) => void;
  onUpdateFromClublog?: (ids: number[]) => void;
+  // Only passed once the offline US county database has been downloaded —
+  // an entry that can only ever answer "no database" is not worth a line here.
+  onUpdateCountyFromULS?: (ids: number[]) => void;
  onSendTo?: (service: string, ids: number[]) => void;
  onSendRecording?: (ids: number[]) => void;
  onSendEQSL?: (ids: number[]) => void;
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ const UPLOAD_TARGETS: { service: string; name: string }[] = [
 // or picks a command. (We deliberately do NOT close on scroll/resize: the QSO
 // list auto-refreshes and AG Grid fires internal scroll events on refresh,
 // which used to dismiss the menu the instant it appeared.)
-export function QSOContextMenu({ menu, onClose, onUpdateFromCty, onUpdateFromQRZ, onUpdateFromClublog, onSendTo, onSendRecording, onSendEQSL, onBulkEdit, onExportSelected, onExportSelectedFields, onExportFiltered, onExportCabrilloSelected, onExportCabrilloFiltered, onDelete }: Props) {
+export function QSOContextMenu({ menu, onClose, onUpdateFromCty, onUpdateFromQRZ, onUpdateFromClublog, onUpdateCountyFromULS, onSendTo, onSendRecording, onSendEQSL, onBulkEdit, onExportSelected, onExportSelectedFields, onExportFiltered, onExportCabrilloSelected, onExportCabrilloFiltered, onDelete }: Props) {
  const { t } = useI18n();
  const boxRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
  // Starts at the cursor; the layout effect corrects it once the real size is
@@ -118,6 +121,16 @@ export function QSOContextMenu({ menu, onClose, onUpdateFromCty, onUpdateFromQRZ
          <span>{t('qctx.updateClublog')}</span>
        </button>
      )}
+      {onUpdateCountyFromULS && (
+        <button
+          className="flex w-full items-center gap-2 px-3 py-1.5 text-left hover:bg-accent/50"
+          onClick={() => { onUpdateCountyFromULS(menu.ids); onClose(); }}
+          title={t('qctx.updateUlsCountyTitle')}
+        >
+          <MapPin className="size-4 text-info" />
+          <span>{t('qctx.updateUlsCounty')}</span>
+        </button>
+      )}

      {(onSendRecording || onSendEQSL) && (
        <>
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ type Props = {
  onUpdateFromCty?: (ids: number[]) => void;
  onUpdateFromQRZ?: (ids: number[]) => void;
  onUpdateFromClublog?: (ids: number[]) => void;
+  onUpdateCountyFromULS?: (ids: number[]) => void;
  onSendTo?: (service: string, ids: number[]) => void;
  onSendRecording?: (ids: number[]) => void;
  onSendEQSL?: (ids: number[]) => void;
@@ -308,7 +309,7 @@ const sanitizeAwardCols = (st: any[] | null | undefined): any[] =>
    return rest;
  });

-export function RecentQSOsGrid({ rows, myGrid, selectAllSignal, selectRowSignal, rowDragCall, passOrder, onGridApi, storageKey, onRowDoubleClicked, onRowClicked, onRowSelected, onRowSelectedQso, onUpdateFromCty, onUpdateFromQRZ, onUpdateFromClublog, onSendTo, onSendRecording, onSendEQSL, onBulkEdit, onExportSelected, onExportSelectedFields, onExportFiltered, onExportCabrilloSelected, onExportCabrilloFiltered, onDelete, onFilteredCountChange, awardCols, rowColors }: Props) {
+export function RecentQSOsGrid({ rows, myGrid, selectAllSignal, selectRowSignal, rowDragCall, passOrder, onGridApi, storageKey, onRowDoubleClicked, onRowClicked, onRowSelected, onRowSelectedQso, onUpdateFromCty, onUpdateFromQRZ, onUpdateFromClublog, onUpdateCountyFromULS, onSendTo, onSendRecording, onSendEQSL, onBulkEdit, onExportSelected, onExportSelectedFields, onExportFiltered, onExportCabrilloSelected, onExportCabrilloFiltered, onDelete, onFilteredCountChange, awardCols, rowColors }: Props) {
  const { t } = useI18n();
  const gridRef = useRef<any>(null);
  const [pickerOpen, setPickerOpen] = useState(false);
@@ -716,6 +717,7 @@ export function RecentQSOsGrid({ rows, myGrid, selectAllSignal, selectRowSignal,
        onUpdateFromCty={(ids) => onUpdateFromCty?.(ids)}
        onUpdateFromQRZ={(ids) => onUpdateFromQRZ?.(ids)}
        onUpdateFromClublog={onUpdateFromClublog}
+        onUpdateCountyFromULS={onUpdateCountyFromULS}
        onSendTo={onSendTo}
        onSendRecording={onSendRecording}
        onSendEQSL={onSendEQSL}
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import {
  GetUltrabeamSettings, SaveUltrabeamSettings, TestUltrabeam,
  GetAntGeniusSettings, SaveAntGeniusSettings,
  GetTunerGeniusSettings, SaveTunerGeniusSettings,
+  GetPSUSettings, SavePSUSettings,
  GetAmplifiers, SaveAmplifiers, GetAmpStatuses, AmpOperate,
  GetWinkeyerSettings, SaveWinkeyerSettings, ListSerialPorts,
  GetAudioSettings, SaveAudioSettings, AudioApplyLevels, ListAudioInputDevices, ListAudioOutputDevices, PickAudioFolder, TestPTT,
@@ -203,6 +204,7 @@ type SectionId =
  | 'antenna'
  | 'antgenius'
  | 'tunergenius'
+  | 'psu'
  | 'pgxl'
  | 'flex'
  | 'relayauto'
@@ -251,6 +253,7 @@ function buildTree(flexAvailable: boolean, t: (k: string) => string): TreeNode[]
    { kind: 'item', label: t('sec.antgenius'),    id: 'antgenius',   vendor: 'o3a' },
    { kind: 'item', label: t('sec.tunergenius'),  id: 'tunergenius', vendor: 'o3a' },
    { kind: 'item', label: t('sec.pgxl'),         id: 'pgxl' },
+    { kind: 'item', label: t('sec.psu'),          id: 'psu' },
    ...(flexAvailable ? [{ kind: 'item', label: t('sec.flex'), id: 'flex' } as TreeNode] : []),
    { kind: 'item', label: t('sec.relayauto'),    id: 'relayauto' },
    { kind: 'item', label: t('sec.audio'),        id: 'audio' },
@@ -1278,6 +1281,7 @@ export function SettingsModal({ onClose, onSaved, initialSection, onMainPaneChan
  // Antenna Genius (4O3A) switch settings — TCP port is fixed at 9007.
  const [antgenius, setAntgenius] = useState<{ enabled: boolean; host: string; password: string }>({ enabled: false, host: '', password: '' });
  const [tunergenius, setTunergenius] = useState<{ enabled: boolean; host: string; password: string }>({ enabled: false, host: '', password: '' });
+  const [psuCfg, setPsuCfg] = useState<{ enabled: boolean; com_port: string; baud: number; address: number }>({ enabled: false, com_port: '', baud: 9600, address: 1 });

  // Amplifier list — operators can run SEVERAL amps (even two SPEs combined),
  // each with its own connection. Saved as a whole via SaveAmplifiers.
@@ -1681,6 +1685,7 @@ export function SettingsModal({ onClose, onSaved, initialSection, onMainPaneChan
        try { setUltrabeam(await GetUltrabeamSettings() as any); } catch {}
        try { setAntgenius(await GetAntGeniusSettings() as any); } catch {}
        try { setTunergenius(await GetTunerGeniusSettings() as any); } catch {}
+        try { setPsuCfg(await GetPSUSettings() as any); } catch {}
        try { setAmps(((await GetAmplifiers()) ?? []) as AmpUI[]); } catch {}
        setBackupCfg(b as any);
        setQslDefaults(qd as any);
@@ -1723,6 +1728,7 @@ export function SettingsModal({ onClose, onSaved, initialSection, onMainPaneChan
        try { setUltrabeam(await GetUltrabeamSettings() as any); } catch {}
        try { setAntgenius(await GetAntGeniusSettings() as any); } catch {}
        try { setTunergenius(await GetTunerGeniusSettings() as any); } catch {}
+        try { setPsuCfg(await GetPSUSettings() as any); } catch {}
        try { setAmps(((await GetAmplifiers()) ?? []) as AmpUI[]); } catch {}
        try { setBackupCfg(await GetBackupSettings() as any); } catch {}
        try { setQslDefaults(await GetQSLDefaults() as any); } catch {}
@@ -1916,6 +1922,7 @@ export function SettingsModal({ onClose, onSaved, initialSection, onMainPaneChan
      await SaveUltrabeamSettings(ultrabeam as any);
      await SaveAntGeniusSettings(antgenius as any);
      await SaveTunerGeniusSettings(tunergenius as any);
+      await SavePSUSettings(psuCfg as any);
      await SaveAmplifiers(amps as any);
      await SaveWinkeyerSettings(wk as any);
      await SaveAudioSettings(audioCfg as any);
@@ -3079,7 +3086,19 @@ export function SettingsModal({ onClose, onSaved, initialSection, onMainPaneChan
    setRotatorTest(null);
    try {
      await TestRotatorDevice(dev as any, sub);
-      setRotatorTest({ ok: true, msg: (dev as any).type === 'rotgenius' ? t('rot.testOkRG') : t('cat.rotatorOk') });
+      // Say what the test ACTUALLY did, which is not the same on every backend.
+      //
+      // PstRotator and a Rotator Genius are sent a move to 0°; a SPID, an ARCO
+      // and a DCU-1 are asked their heading and nothing turns. They all used to
+      // report "Packet sent — the antenna should swing to north. If it didn't,
+      // check PstRotator's UDP listener" — which named a program that is not in
+      // the path, for a move that was never commanded. An operator on a tower
+      // read that as the test having failed.
+      const type = (dev as any).type;
+      const msg = type === 'rotgenius' ? t('rot.testOkRG')
+        : (type === 'spid' || type === 'arco' || type === 'dcu1') ? t('rot.testOkRead')
+          : t('cat.rotatorOk');
+      setRotatorTest({ ok: true, msg });
    } catch (e: any) {
      setRotatorTest({ ok: false, msg: String(e?.message ?? e) });
    } finally {
@@ -3383,6 +3402,62 @@ export function SettingsModal({ onClose, onSaved, initialSection, onMainPaneChan
    );
  }

+  // Bench power supply over Modbus RTU. OpsLog reads everything and writes one
+  // register — the output on/off. The voltage and current SET points are shown
+  // because they are worth seeing, and are not editable here: they belong to the
+  // supply's front panel, and a logbook that can set them can set them wrong.
+  // NO HOOKS IN HERE. This panel is called as a plain function, like its
+  // neighbours — PANELS[x]() — so a useState of its own lands in SettingsModal's
+  // hook list and only while this section is open. React counts those, and it
+  // stopped drawing the moment the section was clicked (error #310, "rendered
+  // more hooks than during the previous render"). The COM ports come from the
+  // list SettingsModal already loads for the Winkeyer panel: one machine, one
+  // set of serial ports, loaded once.
+  function PSUPanelSettings() {
+    const ports = wkPorts;
+    const setPorts = setWkPorts;
+    return (
+      <>
+        <SectionHeader title={t('psu.title')} hint={t('psu.hint')} />
+        <div className="space-y-4 max-w-xl">
+          <label className="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm cursor-pointer">
+            <Checkbox checked={psuCfg.enabled} onCheckedChange={(c) => setPsuCfg((s) => ({ ...s, enabled: !!c }))} />
+            {t('psu.enable')}
+          </label>
+          <div className="grid grid-cols-3 gap-3">
+            <div className="space-y-1">
+              <Label>{t('psu.port')}</Label>
+              <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                <Select value={psuCfg.com_port || '_'} onValueChange={(v) => setPsuCfg((s) => ({ ...s, com_port: v === '_' ? '' : v }))}>
+                  <SelectTrigger className="h-9 flex-1"><SelectValue placeholder="— COM —" /></SelectTrigger>
+                  <SelectContent>
+                    {ports.length === 0 && <SelectItem value="_" disabled>{t('station.noPorts')}</SelectItem>}
+                    {ports.map((p) => <SelectItem key={p} value={p}>{p}</SelectItem>)}
+                  </SelectContent>
+                </Select>
+                <Button size="sm" variant="outline" onClick={() => ListSerialPorts().then((p) => setPorts((p ?? []) as string[])).catch(() => {})}>
+                  ↻
+                </Button>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+            <div className="space-y-1">
+              <Label>{t('psu.baud')}</Label>
+              <Input className="font-mono" value={String(psuCfg.baud ?? 9600)}
+                onChange={(e) => setPsuCfg((s) => ({ ...s, baud: parseInt(e.target.value.replace(/[^0-9]/g, ''), 10) || 0 }))} />
+            </div>
+            <div className="space-y-1">
+              <Label>{t('psu.address')}</Label>
+              <Input className="font-mono" value={String(psuCfg.address ?? 1)}
+                onChange={(e) => setPsuCfg((s) => ({ ...s, address: parseInt(e.target.value.replace(/[^0-9]/g, ''), 10) || 0 }))} />
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t('psu.wireHint')}</p>
+          <p className="text-xs text-warning">{t('psu.writeScope')}</p>
+        </div>
+      </>
+    );
+  }
+
  function PGXLPanelSettings() {
    // The stored `type` stays a flat value ("spe13", "acom700", "pgxl"); the UI
    // presents it as brand + model.
@@ -6349,6 +6424,7 @@ export function SettingsModal({ onClose, onSaved, initialSection, onMainPaneChan
    antenna:        UltrabeamPanel,
    antgenius:      AntGeniusPanelSettings,
    tunergenius:    TunerGeniusPanelSettings,
+    psu:            PSUPanelSettings,
    pgxl:           PGXLPanelSettings,
    flex:           () => <FlexBandPanel bands={lists.bands ?? []} />,
    audio:          AudioPanel,
@@ -7,22 +7,77 @@ import { Select, SelectContent, SelectItem, SelectTrigger, SelectValue } from '@
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
 import { useI18n } from '@/lib/i18n';
 import { writeUiPref } from '@/lib/uiPref';
+import { subscribeRotorHeading, pokeRotorHeading } from '@/lib/rotorHeading';
 import { RotorCompass } from '@/components/RotorCompass';
 import { AmpCard } from '@/components/AmpCard';
 import { TunerCard } from '@/components/TunerCard';
 import type { TGStatus } from '@/components/TunerGeniusPanel';
 import {
  GetStationDevices, SaveStationDevices, GetStationStatus, StationSetRelay,
-  GetRotatorHeading, RotatorGoTo, RotatorStop, SetActiveRotor,
+  RotatorGoTo, RotatorStop, SetActiveRotor,
  GetUltrabeamStatus, SetUltrabeamDirection, UltrabeamRetract, MotorSetElement, MotorReadElements,
  MotorTuneKHz, MotorNudgeKHz, SetMotorFollow,
  ListDenkoviDevices, ListSerialPorts, TestStationDevice,
  GetAmpStatuses, GetFlexState,
  GetTunerGeniusStatus, GetTunerGeniusSettings,
+  GetPSUStatus, GetPSUSettings, SetPSUOutput,
 } from '../../wailsjs/go/main/App';

 type RotatorProps = { centerLat?: number | null; centerLon?: number | null; bearing?: number | null };

+type PSUState = { connected: boolean; on: boolean; volts: number; amps: number; watts: number; set_volts: number; set_amps: number; protected: number; error?: string };
+
+// The bench supply. One button — the output — and the three numbers that say
+// what it is actually delivering.
+//
+// The SET points are shown beside them, small, because "13.8 V set" next to
+// "0.02 A out" is how an operator sees at a glance that the supply is on but
+// the radio is not drawing. They are not editable: OpsLog reads them and never
+// writes them, which is the whole safety story of this device.
+function PSUCard({ st, busy, onToggle, t }: {
+  st: PSUState; busy: boolean; onToggle: (on: boolean) => void; t: (k: string, v?: any) => string;
+}) {
+  const tripped = (st.protected ?? 0) !== 0;
+  return (
+    <div className="rounded-xl border border-border bg-card shadow-sm overflow-hidden h-full">
+      <div className="flex items-center gap-2 px-3 py-2 border-b border-border/60 bg-muted/30">
+        <Power className="size-4 text-primary" />
+        <div className="text-sm font-semibold truncate">{t('psu.title')}</div>
+        <span className={cn('ml-auto size-2 rounded-full shrink-0', st.connected ? 'bg-success' : 'bg-muted-foreground/40')}
+          title={st.connected ? t('station.online') : (st.error || t('psu.offline'))} />
+      </div>
+      <div className="p-3 space-y-2">
+        <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
+          <button type="button" disabled={!st.connected || busy}
+            onClick={() => onToggle(!st.on)}
+            className={cn('flex items-center gap-2 rounded-md border px-3 py-1.5 transition-colors disabled:opacity-40',
+              st.on ? 'bg-success/15 border-success/50' : 'bg-muted/30 border-border hover:bg-muted')}>
+            <span className={cn('flex items-center justify-center size-6 rounded shrink-0',
+              st.on ? 'bg-success text-success-foreground' : 'bg-muted-foreground/15 text-muted-foreground')}>
+              {busy ? <Loader2 className="size-3.5 animate-spin" /> : <Power className="size-3.5" />}
+            </span>
+            <span className="text-xs font-semibold">{t('psu.output')}</span>
+            <span className={cn('text-[10px] font-bold', st.on ? 'text-success' : 'text-muted-foreground/60')}>
+              {st.on ? t('station.on') : t('station.off')}
+            </span>
+          </button>
+          <div className="flex-1 min-w-0 font-mono tabular-nums text-right">
+            <span className="text-lg font-bold">{(st.volts ?? 0).toFixed(2)}</span><span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground"> V</span>
+            <span className="text-lg font-bold ml-3">{(st.amps ?? 0).toFixed(3)}</span><span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground"> A</span>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <div className="flex items-center justify-between text-[11px] text-muted-foreground font-mono">
+          <span>{(st.watts ?? 0).toFixed(1)} W</span>
+          <span>{t('psu.setTo')} {(st.set_volts ?? 0).toFixed(2)} V / {(st.set_amps ?? 0).toFixed(3)} A</span>
+        </div>
+        {tripped && (
+          <div className="text-[11px] font-bold text-danger">{t('psu.tripped')} (0x{(st.protected ?? 0).toString(16).toUpperCase()})</div>
+        )}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
 type Device = {
  id: string; type: string; name: string; host: string;
  user?: string; pass?: string; channels?: number; labels: string[];
@@ -457,6 +512,32 @@ export function StationControlPanel({ centerLat, centerLon, bearing }: RotatorPr
    return () => { alive = false; window.clearInterval(id); };
  }, []);

+  // Bench power supply. Polled slower than the tuner: it has no meters that
+  // track a transmission, and every poll is three Modbus exchanges on a 9600
+  // baud line the operator may also be using to switch the output.
+  const [psu, setPsu] = useState<PSUState>({ connected: false, on: false, volts: 0, amps: 0, watts: 0, set_volts: 0, set_amps: 0, protected: 0 });
+  const [psuEnabled, setPsuEnabled] = useState(false);
+  const [psuBusy, setPsuBusy] = useState(false);
+  useEffect(() => {
+    let alive = true;
+    const load = async () => {
+      try { const en: any = await GetPSUSettings(); if (alive) setPsuEnabled(!!en?.enabled); } catch {}
+      try { const st: any = await GetPSUStatus(); if (alive && st) setPsu(st as PSUState); } catch {}
+    };
+    load();
+    const id = window.setInterval(load, 1500);
+    return () => { alive = false; window.clearInterval(id); };
+  }, []);
+  const togglePSU = useCallback(async (on: boolean) => {
+    setPsuBusy(true);
+    // No optimistic flip here, unlike the relays: the supply echoes the value it
+    // actually set, so showing ON before it confirms would be showing something
+    // OpsLog does not know. A power switch is the wrong place to guess.
+    try { await SetPSUOutput(on); const st: any = await GetPSUStatus(); if (st) setPsu(st as PSUState); }
+    catch { /* the poll will tell the truth */ }
+    finally { setPsuBusy(false); }
+  }, []);
+
  const loadDevices = useCallback(async () => {
    try { setDevices(((await GetStationDevices()) ?? []) as Device[]); } catch { /* db not ready */ }
  }, []);
@@ -467,19 +548,21 @@ export function StationControlPanel({ centerLat, centerLon, bearing }: RotatorPr
      setStatus(Object.fromEntries(s.map((d) => [d.id, d])));
    } catch { /* ignore transient */ }
  }, []);
-  const pollRot = useCallback(async () => {
-    try { setRot((await GetRotatorHeading()) as any); } catch { /* ignore */ }
-  }, []);
  const pollAnt = useCallback(async () => {
    try { setAnt((await GetUltrabeamStatus()) as any); } catch { /* ignore */ }
  }, []);

  useEffect(() => { loadDevices(); }, [loadDevices]);
+  // The heading comes from the shared poller: one loop for the whole app, fast
+  // while the antenna turns and slow while it is parked. Every poll opens and
+  // closes the controller's port, and this panel used to run its own alongside
+  // the status bar's — the same controller asked twice over.
+  useEffect(() => subscribeRotorHeading((h) => setRot(h as any)), []);
  useEffect(() => {
-    poll(); pollRot(); pollAnt();
-    const id = window.setInterval(() => { poll(); pollRot(); pollAnt(); }, 3000);
+    poll(); pollAnt();
+    const id = window.setInterval(() => { poll(); pollAnt(); }, 3000);
    return () => window.clearInterval(id);
-  }, [poll, pollRot, pollAnt, devices.length]);
+  }, [poll, pollAnt, devices.length]);

  const persistOrder = (next: string[]) => { setOrder(next); writeUiPref('opslog.stationOrder', JSON.stringify(next)); };
  // Reorder so `dragged` lands just before `target`.
@@ -527,16 +610,25 @@ export function StationControlPanel({ centerLat, centerLon, bearing }: RotatorPr
  const deviceCard = (dev: Device) => {
    const st = status[dev.id];
    const relays = st?.relays ?? dev.labels.map((label, i) => ({ number: i + 1, label, on: false }));
+    // The generic HTTP board has no address of its own and nothing to poll: its
+    // relays can each live on a different box, and no status endpoint is read
+    // back. So no host under the name, no online dot, and the buttons are never
+    // greyed out waiting for a connection that is never made.
+    const fireAndForget = dev.type === 'httpgen';
    return (
      <div className="rounded-xl border border-border bg-card shadow-sm overflow-hidden h-full">
        <div className="flex items-center gap-2 px-3 py-2 border-b border-border/60 bg-muted/30">
          <PlugZap className="size-4 text-primary" />
          <div className="min-w-0">
            <div className="text-sm font-semibold truncate">{dev.name || TYPE_LABEL[dev.type]}</div>
-            <div className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground font-mono truncate">{TYPE_LABEL[dev.type]} · {dev.host}</div>
+            <div className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground font-mono truncate">
+              {TYPE_LABEL[dev.type]}{fireAndForget || !dev.host ? '' : ` · ${dev.host}`}
            </div>
+          </div>
+          {fireAndForget ? <span className="ml-auto" /> : (
            <span className={cn('ml-auto size-2 rounded-full shrink-0', st?.connected ? 'bg-success' : 'bg-muted-foreground/40')}
              title={st?.connected ? t('station.online') : (st?.error || t('station.offline'))} />
+          )}
          <button className="text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground" title={t('station.edit')}
            onClick={() => setEditing({ ...dev, labels: [...dev.labels] })}><Pencil className="size-3.5" /></button>
          <button className="text-muted-foreground hover:text-destructive" title={t('station.delete')}
@@ -549,7 +641,7 @@ export function StationControlPanel({ centerLat, centerLon, bearing }: RotatorPr
            const key = `${dev.id}:${r.number}`;
            const label = r.label || `${t('station.relay')} ${r.number}`;
            return (
-              <button key={r.number} type="button" disabled={!st?.connected}
+              <button key={r.number} type="button" disabled={!fireAndForget && !st?.connected}
                title={label}
                onClick={() => toggle(dev, r.number, !r.on)}
                className={cn('w-[150px] flex items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md border px-2 py-1 text-left transition-colors disabled:opacity-40',
@@ -576,7 +668,7 @@ export function StationControlPanel({ centerLat, centerLon, bearing }: RotatorPr
  // full-width, and they need that room here too.
  const widgets: { id: string; node: React.ReactNode; wide?: boolean }[] = [];
  if (rot.enabled) {
-    widgets.push({ id: 'rotator', node: <RotatorWidget hd={rot} refetch={pollRot} centerLat={centerLat} centerLon={centerLon} bearing={bearing} t={t} /> });
+    widgets.push({ id: 'rotator', node: <RotatorWidget hd={rot} refetch={pokeRotorHeading} centerLat={centerLat} centerLon={centerLon} bearing={bearing} t={t} /> });
  }
  if (ant.enabled) {
    widgets.push({ id: 'antenna', node: <MotorAntennaWidget ant={ant} refetch={pollAnt} t={t} /> });
@@ -585,6 +677,7 @@ export function StationControlPanel({ centerLat, centerLon, bearing }: RotatorPr
  for (const amp of amps) widgets.push({ id: `amp:${amp.id}`, node: <AmpCard amp={amp} flex={flexState} t={t} />, wide: true });
  // Tuner Genius XL card (identical to the Flex panel's).
  if (tgEnabled) widgets.push({ id: 'tuner', node: <TunerCard status={tg} t={t} />, wide: true });
+  if (psuEnabled) widgets.push({ id: 'psu', node: <PSUCard st={psu} busy={psuBusy} onToggle={togglePSU} t={t} /> });
  for (const dev of devices) widgets.push({ id: dev.id, node: deviceCard(dev) });

  const rank = (id: string) => { const i = order.indexOf(id); return i < 0 ? 1e6 : i; };
@@ -687,6 +780,13 @@ function DeviceEditor({ device, onChange, onSave, onCancel, t }: {
  const isDenkovi = device.type === 'denkovi';
  const isUsbRelay = device.type === 'usbrelay';
  const isHTTPGen = device.type === 'httpgen';
+  // {value} sends a relay's label, so a URL using it on an unnamed relay would
+  // go out with an empty parameter. Warn while it is being typed rather than at
+  // the moment an antenna fails to switch.
+  const valueNeedsLabels = isHTTPGen
+    && [...(device.on_urls ?? []), ...(device.off_urls ?? []), device.on_pattern ?? '', device.off_pattern ?? '']
+      .some((s) => (s ?? '').includes('{value}'))
+    && device.labels.some((l) => !l.trim());
  // COM ports for the generic USB-serial relay picker.
  const [serialPorts, setSerialPorts] = useState<string[]>([]);
  useEffect(() => {
@@ -795,7 +895,12 @@ function DeviceEditor({ device, onChange, onSave, onCancel, t }: {
          </div>
          <p className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground">{t('station.usbRelayHint')}</p>
        </div>
-      ) : (
+      ) : isHTTPGen ? null : (
+      /* No Host for the generic board: its driver never reads one. Each URL
+         below carries its own address, and they need not even share it — one
+         relay can sit on a different box from the next. A field that changes
+         nothing is worse than no field: it reads as the thing to fill in first,
+         and then the URLs look like they should be relative to it. */
      <div className={cn('grid gap-3', (isKM || isDingtian) ? 'grid-cols-3' : 'grid-cols-1')}>
        <div className={cn('space-y-1', (isKM || isDingtian) ? '' : 'max-w-xs')}>
          <Label>{t('station.host')}</Label>
@@ -886,6 +991,10 @@ function DeviceEditor({ device, onChange, onSave, onCancel, t }: {

      <div className="space-y-1">
        <Label>{t('station.labels')}</Label>
+        {/* {value} sends the label, so an unnamed relay would go out as "?on=".
+            Said here, beside the empty box, rather than when the antenna fails
+            to switch and the log is the only place that explains why. */}
+        {valueNeedsLabels && <p className="text-[10px] text-warning">{t('station.valueNeedsLabels')}</p>}
        <div className="grid grid-cols-4 gap-2">
          {device.labels.map((lab, i) => (
            <Input key={i} value={lab} placeholder={`${t('station.relay')} ${i + 1}`} className="h-8 text-xs"
@@ -901,12 +1010,20 @@ function DeviceEditor({ device, onChange, onSave, onCancel, t }: {
          </span>
        )}
        <div className="ml-auto flex gap-2">
+          {/* No connection test for the generic board, and no host required to
+              save it. There is nothing to test: it has no address of its own and
+              no status to read — its URLs are fired and forgotten. A button that
+              can only ever say "OK, 4 relays" tests nothing, and a Save greyed
+              out for a missing host made a perfectly complete configuration —
+              four full URLs — impossible to store. */}
+          {!isHTTPGen && (
            <Button size="sm" variant="outline" onClick={testDevice} disabled={testing || !device.host.trim()}>
              {testing ? <Loader2 className="size-3.5 mr-1 animate-spin" /> : <PlugZap className="size-3.5 mr-1" />}
              {t('station.test')}
            </Button>
+          )}
          <Button size="sm" variant="ghost" onClick={onCancel}><X className="size-3.5 mr-1" />{t('station.cancel')}</Button>
-          <Button size="sm" onClick={onSave} disabled={!device.host.trim()}><Check className="size-3.5 mr-1" />{t('station.save')}</Button>
+          <Button size="sm" onClick={onSave} disabled={!isHTTPGen && !device.host.trim()}><Check className="size-3.5 mr-1" />{t('station.save')}</Button>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ type Props = {
  onUpdateFromCty?: (ids: number[]) => void;
  onUpdateFromQRZ?: (ids: number[]) => void;
  onUpdateFromClublog?: (ids: number[]) => void;
+  onUpdateCountyFromULS?: (ids: number[]) => void;
  onSendTo?: (service: string, ids: number[]) => void;
  onSendRecording?: (ids: number[]) => void;
  onSendEQSL?: (ids: number[]) => void;
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ function fmtDate(s: any): string {
  return `${d.getUTCFullYear()}-${p(d.getUTCMonth() + 1)}-${p(d.getUTCDate())}`;
 }

-export function WorkedBeforeGrid({ wb, myGrid, busy, currentCall, onRowDoubleClicked, onUpdateFromCty, onUpdateFromQRZ, onUpdateFromClublog, onSendTo, onSendRecording, onSendEQSL, onBulkEdit, onExportSelected, onExportSelectedFields, onExportCabrilloSelected, onDelete, awardCols }: Props) {
+export function WorkedBeforeGrid({ wb, myGrid, busy, currentCall, onRowDoubleClicked, onUpdateFromCty, onUpdateFromQRZ, onUpdateFromClublog, onUpdateCountyFromULS, onSendTo, onSendRecording, onSendEQSL, onBulkEdit, onExportSelected, onExportSelectedFields, onExportCabrilloSelected, onDelete, awardCols }: Props) {
  const { t } = useI18n();
  const gridRef = useRef<any>(null);
  const [pickerOpen, setPickerOpen] = useState(false);
@@ -272,6 +273,7 @@ export function WorkedBeforeGrid({ wb, myGrid, busy, currentCall, onRowDoubleCli
        onUpdateFromCty={(ids) => onUpdateFromCty?.(ids)}
        onUpdateFromQRZ={(ids) => onUpdateFromQRZ?.(ids)}
        onUpdateFromClublog={onUpdateFromClublog}
+        onUpdateCountyFromULS={onUpdateCountyFromULS}
        onSendTo={onSendTo}
        onSendRecording={onSendRecording}
        onSendEQSL={onSendEQSL}
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import { GetRotatorHeading } from '../../wailsjs/go/main/App';
+
+// One poll loop for the antenna heading, shared by everything that shows it.
+//
+// TWO PROBLEMS THIS FIXES, both of them invisible until you count.
+//
+// The status bar polled, and the Station Control compass polled, and they polled
+// the SAME binding — so with that tab open the rotator was asked twice as often
+// as either component believed. Every backend builds a fresh client per call
+// (spid.New, gs232.NewSerial, dcu1.NewSerial, rotgenius.New…), so one poll is
+// one OPEN and CLOSE of a serial port or a TCP connection, not a read on a link
+// already up.
+//
+// And a fixed interval has no good value. Three seconds moved the needle in
+// steps of about thirteen degrees on a turning antenna — a compass that jumps
+// rather than sweeps. Seven hundred milliseconds sweeps beautifully and opens
+// the controller's port about ten thousand times an hour to watch an antenna
+// that has not moved since breakfast.
+//
+// So: fast while it is turning, slow while it is not. "Turning" is not something
+// these controllers report — a SPID answers a position and nothing else — so it
+// is inferred from the position changing, and held for a few seconds after the
+// last change so the tail of a movement stays smooth.
+
+export type RotorHeading = {
+  enabled: boolean; ok: boolean; azimuth: number;
+  rotors?: string[]; active?: number; motorized?: boolean; raw?: string;
+};
+
+const MOVING_MS = 500;   // while the antenna is turning
+const IDLE_MS = 3000;    // while it is parked — the rate everything used before
+const SETTLE_MS = 6000;  // stay fast this long after the last movement
+
+const subs = new Set<(h: RotorHeading) => void>();
+let timer: number | undefined;
+let inFlight = false;
+let lastAz: number | null = null;
+let lastMoveAt = 0;
+
+function schedule(delay: number) {
+  if (timer !== undefined) window.clearTimeout(timer);
+  timer = window.setTimeout(tick, delay);
+}
+
+async function tick() {
+  // A slow controller must not stack requests behind itself: at 600 baud a SPID
+  // reply takes a fifth of a second on the wire alone, and a port that is still
+  // open from the last poll cannot be opened again.
+  if (inFlight) { schedule(MOVING_MS); return; }
+  inFlight = true;
+  try {
+    const h = (await GetRotatorHeading()) as unknown as RotorHeading;
+    if (h?.ok && typeof h.azimuth === 'number') {
+      if (lastAz !== null && h.azimuth !== lastAz) lastMoveAt = Date.now();
+      lastAz = h.azimuth;
+    }
+    subs.forEach((fn) => { try { fn(h); } catch { /* a subscriber must not stop the loop */ } });
+  } catch {
+    // Leave the last heading alone: a single failed poll on a shared serial port
+    // is not news, and blanking the compass on one would make it flicker.
+  } finally {
+    inFlight = false;
+  }
+  if (subs.size > 0) schedule(Date.now() - lastMoveAt < SETTLE_MS ? MOVING_MS : IDLE_MS);
+  else timer = undefined;
+}
+
+// subscribeRotorHeading starts the loop if it is not running and returns the
+// unsubscribe. The loop stops when the last subscriber leaves.
+export function subscribeRotorHeading(fn: (h: RotorHeading) => void): () => void {
+  subs.add(fn);
+  if (timer === undefined && !inFlight) void tick();
+  return () => {
+    subs.delete(fn);
+    if (subs.size === 0 && timer !== undefined) { window.clearTimeout(timer); timer = undefined; }
+  };
+}
+
+// pokeRotorHeading polls at once and switches to the fast rate — call it after
+// commanding a move, so the needle starts sweeping on the click rather than on
+// whatever was left of a three-second tick.
+export function pokeRotorHeading(): void {
+  lastMoveAt = Date.now();
+  if (timer !== undefined) window.clearTimeout(timer);
+  timer = undefined;
+  void tick();
+}
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Single source of truth for the app version shown in the UI (header + About).
 // Bump this on a release (the release script updates it alongside telemetry.go).
-export const APP_VERSION = '0.25.4';
+export const APP_VERSION = '0.25.6';

 // Author / credits, shown in Help -> About.
 export const APP_AUTHOR = 'F4BPO';
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import {cluster} from '../models';
 import {extsvc} from '../models';
 import {powergenius} from '../models';
 import {pskr} from '../models';
+import {psu} from '../models';
 import {spe} from '../models';
 import {solar} from '../models';
 import {tunergenius} from '../models';
@@ -196,6 +197,8 @@ export function DownloadULSCounties():Promise<void>;

 export function DuplicateProfile(arg1:number,arg2:string):Promise<profile.Profile>;

+export function EntryBandChanged(arg1:string):Promise<void>;
+
 export function ExplainAward(arg1:string,arg2:string):Promise<Array<main.AwardExplain>>;

 export function ExportADIF(arg1:string,arg2:boolean,arg3:Array<string>):Promise<adif.ExportResult>;
@@ -486,6 +489,10 @@ export function GetPOTAToken():Promise<string>;

 export function GetPSKReporterStatus():Promise<pskr.Status>;

+export function GetPSUSettings():Promise<main.PSUSettings>;
+
+export function GetPSUStatus():Promise<psu.Status>;
+
 export function GetPendingQSOs():Promise<Array<qso.QSO>>;

 export function GetQSLDefaults():Promise<main.QSLDefaults>;
@@ -942,6 +949,8 @@ export function SavePGXLSettings(arg1:main.PGXLSettings):Promise<void>;

 export function SavePOTAToken(arg1:string):Promise<void>;

+export function SavePSUSettings(arg1:main.PSUSettings):Promise<void>;
+
 export function SaveProfile(arg1:profile.Profile):Promise<profile.Profile>;

 export function SaveQSLDefaults(arg1:main.QSLDefaults):Promise<void>;
@@ -1022,6 +1031,8 @@ export function SetMotorFollow(arg1:boolean,arg2:number,arg3:string):Promise<voi

 export function SetOpsLogQSLReceived(arg1:number,arg2:boolean):Promise<void>;

+export function SetPSUOutput(arg1:boolean):Promise<void>;
+
 export function SetPassphrase(arg1:string):Promise<void>;

 export function SetScpEnabled(arg1:boolean):Promise<void>;
@@ -1138,6 +1149,8 @@ export function UpdateAwardReferenceList(arg1:string):Promise<main.AwardRefMeta>

 export function UpdateQSO(arg1:qso.QSO):Promise<void>;

+export function UpdateQSOsCountyFromULS(arg1:Array<number>):Promise<number>;
+
 export function UpdateQSOsFromClublog(arg1:Array<number>):Promise<number>;

 export function UpdateQSOsFromCty(arg1:Array<number>):Promise<number>;
@@ -334,6 +334,10 @@ export function DuplicateProfile(arg1, arg2) {
  return window['go']['main']['App']['DuplicateProfile'](arg1, arg2);
 }

+export function EntryBandChanged(arg1) {
+  return window['go']['main']['App']['EntryBandChanged'](arg1);
+}
+
 export function ExplainAward(arg1, arg2) {
  return window['go']['main']['App']['ExplainAward'](arg1, arg2);
 }
@@ -914,6 +918,14 @@ export function GetPSKReporterStatus() {
  return window['go']['main']['App']['GetPSKReporterStatus']();
 }

+export function GetPSUSettings() {
+  return window['go']['main']['App']['GetPSUSettings']();
+}
+
+export function GetPSUStatus() {
+  return window['go']['main']['App']['GetPSUStatus']();
+}
+
 export function GetPendingQSOs() {
  return window['go']['main']['App']['GetPendingQSOs']();
 }
@@ -1826,6 +1838,10 @@ export function SavePOTAToken(arg1) {
  return window['go']['main']['App']['SavePOTAToken'](arg1);
 }

+export function SavePSUSettings(arg1) {
+  return window['go']['main']['App']['SavePSUSettings'](arg1);
+}
+
 export function SaveProfile(arg1) {
  return window['go']['main']['App']['SaveProfile'](arg1);
 }
@@ -1986,6 +2002,10 @@ export function SetOpsLogQSLReceived(arg1, arg2) {
  return window['go']['main']['App']['SetOpsLogQSLReceived'](arg1, arg2);
 }

+export function SetPSUOutput(arg1) {
+  return window['go']['main']['App']['SetPSUOutput'](arg1);
+}
+
 export function SetPassphrase(arg1) {
  return window['go']['main']['App']['SetPassphrase'](arg1);
 }
@@ -2218,6 +2238,10 @@ export function UpdateQSO(arg1) {
  return window['go']['main']['App']['UpdateQSO'](arg1);
 }

+export function UpdateQSOsCountyFromULS(arg1) {
+  return window['go']['main']['App']['UpdateQSOsCountyFromULS'](arg1);
+}
+
 export function UpdateQSOsFromClublog(arg1) {
  return window['go']['main']['App']['UpdateQSOsFromClublog'](arg1);
 }
@@ -2733,6 +2733,24 @@ export namespace main {
 		}
 	}
 	
+	export class PSUSettings {
+	    enabled: boolean;
+	    com_port: string;
+	    baud: number;
+	    address: number;
+	
+	    static createFrom(source: any = {}) {
+	        return new PSUSettings(source);
+	    }
+	
+	    constructor(source: any = {}) {
+	        if ('string' === typeof source) source = JSON.parse(source);
+	        this.enabled = source["enabled"];
+	        this.com_port = source["com_port"];
+	        this.baud = source["baud"];
+	        this.address = source["address"];
+	    }
+	}
 	export class QSLBulkUpdate {
 	    sent_status: string;
 	    rcvd_status: string;
@@ -4063,6 +4081,39 @@ export namespace pskr {

 }

+export namespace psu {
+	
+	export class Status {
+	    connected: boolean;
+	    on: boolean;
+	    volts: number;
+	    amps: number;
+	    watts: number;
+	    set_volts: number;
+	    set_amps: number;
+	    protected: number;
+	    error?: string;
+	
+	    static createFrom(source: any = {}) {
+	        return new Status(source);
+	    }
+	
+	    constructor(source: any = {}) {
+	        if ('string' === typeof source) source = JSON.parse(source);
+	        this.connected = source["connected"];
+	        this.on = source["on"];
+	        this.volts = source["volts"];
+	        this.amps = source["amps"];
+	        this.watts = source["watts"];
+	        this.set_volts = source["set_volts"];
+	        this.set_amps = source["set_amps"];
+	        this.protected = source["protected"];
+	        this.error = source["error"];
+	    }
+	}
+
+}
+
 export namespace qslcard {
 	
 	export class Bevel {
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package adif
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// An import must never INVENT a routing method. The two "via" fields carry what
+// the file carries, and nothing at all when it carries nothing.
+//
+// This is worth pinning because the opposite is easy to reach for: a card that
+// was confirmed electronically is the common case, and defaulting to E would
+// quietly rewrite the operator's own record of how their cards actually
+// travelled. Where an E does show up after an import, it came from the source
+// file — Log4OM writes QSL_SENT_VIA:1>E on every record whether or not a card
+// was ever sent, which is pinned by TestQSLSentViaDoesNotBecomeManager.
+func TestImportInventsNoQSLRouting(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, rec := range map[string]string{
+		"absent":     "<CALL:5>OE6CLD<QSO_DATE:8>20260606<TIME_ON:4>1200<BAND:3>20m<MODE:2>CW<EOR>\n",
+		"empty":      "<CALL:5>OE6CLD<QSO_DATE:8>20260606<TIME_ON:4>1200<BAND:3>20m<MODE:2>CW<QSL_SENT_VIA:0><QSL_RCVD_VIA:0><EOR>\n",
+		"whitespace": "<CALL:5>OE6CLD<QSO_DATE:8>20260606<TIME_ON:4>1200<BAND:3>20m<MODE:2>CW<QSL_SENT_VIA:1> <QSL_RCVD_VIA:1> <EOR>\n",
+		// Not in the enumeration: dropped rather than passed through, or the
+		// export would write a value no other logger can read.
+		"unknown": "<CALL:5>OE6CLD<QSO_DATE:8>20260606<TIME_ON:4>1200<BAND:3>20m<MODE:2>CW<QSL_SENT_VIA:3>ZZZ<EOR>\n",
+	} {
+		var got Record
+		if err := Parse(strings.NewReader("<EOH>\n"+rec), func(r Record) error { got = r; return nil }); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("%s: parse: %v", name, err)
+		}
+		q, ok := recordToQSO(got)
+		if !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("%s: recordToQSO returned !ok", name)
+		}
+		if q.QSLSentVia != "" {
+			t.Errorf("%s: QSL_SENT_VIA = %q, want empty — the import made up a routing method", name, q.QSLSentVia)
+		}
+		if q.QSLRcvdVia != "" {
+			t.Errorf("%s: QSL_RCVD_VIA = %q, want empty — the import made up a routing method", name, q.QSLRcvdVia)
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -369,10 +369,21 @@ func (s *session) runOnce() (time.Time, error) {
 	// failure surfaces as an error on Read — which is the only thing that ends
 	// a session below.
 	d := net.Dialer{Timeout: 10 * time.Second, KeepAlive: 30 * time.Second}
+	// TIMED, and reported. An operator sees "connected" and no spots for a
+	// minute on the first launch, then an instant connection when the program is
+	// restarted — which is the signature of a slow name resolution rather than a
+	// slow cluster (the OS caches the answer, so the second run skips it). The
+	// only way to tell that from a node that simply had nothing to say is to
+	// know how long the dial itself took.
+	dialStart := time.Now()
 	conn, err := d.Dial("tcp", addr)
 	if err != nil {
+		applog.Printf("cluster[%s] dial %s failed after %s: %v", s.cfg.Name, addr, time.Since(dialStart).Round(time.Millisecond), err)
 		return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("dial %s: %w", addr, err)
 	}
+	applog.Printf("cluster[%s] connected to %s in %s", s.cfg.Name, addr, time.Since(dialStart).Round(time.Millisecond))
+	linkUpAt := time.Now()
+	firstSpotLogged := false
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	s.conn = conn
 	s.mu.Unlock()
@@ -556,6 +567,13 @@ func (s *session) runOnce() (time.Time, error) {
 			}
 			s.mu.Unlock()
 			if s.onSpot != nil {
+				if !firstSpotLogged {
+					firstSpotLogged = true
+					// The gap between the socket opening and the first spot is the
+					// other half of the answer: a long dial is the network, a quick
+					// dial and a long silence is the node (or the login) instead.
+					applog.Printf("cluster[%s] first spot %s after connecting", s.cfg.Name, time.Since(linkUpAt).Round(time.Millisecond))
+				}
 				s.onSpot(spot)
 			}
 		}
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package udp
+
+import "testing"
+
+// A remote-call <FREQ> arrives in whatever unit the sender happens to use, and
+// the same sender uses more than one. Every form has to land on the same dial
+// frequency, because the alternative is a rig sent to the wrong band.
+func TestRemoteTuneUnits(t *testing.T) {
+	const m20 = 14_074_000
+	for _, c := range []struct {
+		in   string
+		want int64
+		why  string
+	}{
+		{"14.074", m20, "MHz, the documented DXHunter form"},
+		{"10.136", 10_136_000, "MHz, 30 m"},
+		{"14074", m20, "kHz"},
+		{"14074.0", m20, "kHz with a decimal point"},
+		{"1407400", m20, "tens of Hz — what N1MM RadioInfo publishes, echoed back"},
+		{"2107400", 21_074_000, "the value from the field log that failed every time"},
+		{"14074000", m20, "Hz"},
+		{"7000000", 7_000_000, "Hz on 40 m, not tens of Hz on 4 m"},
+		{"0", 0, "no frequency"},
+		{"999999999999", 0, "nothing plausible — tune nothing rather than guess"},
+		{"abc", 0, "not a number"},
+	} {
+		if got := remoteTuneHz(c.in); got != c.want {
+			t.Errorf("remoteTuneHz(%q) = %d, want %d (%s)", c.in, got, c.want, c.why)
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package udp
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// feed runs one datagram through a remote-call listener and returns the event
+// it produced, or nil.
+func feed(t *testing.T, pkt []byte) *Event {
+	t.Helper()
+	out := make(chan Event, 4)
+	s := &Server{
+		cfg: Config{ID: 1, Name: "DX HUNTER", ServiceType: ServiceRemoteCall, Port: 2241},
+		out: out,
+	}
+	s.handle(pkt, &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 2241})
+	select {
+	case ev := <-out:
+		return &ev
+	case <-time.After(200 * time.Millisecond):
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// A RadioInfo datagram must never be read as a remote-call request.
+//
+// This is the loop from a reported session. An inbound remote-call row and an
+// outbound RadioInfo row shared port 2241, so every datagram OpsLog sent came
+// straight back on the loopback. The tag-stripping heuristic read its last
+// token — <ActiveRadioNr>1</ActiveRadioNr> — as the callsign "1", and <Freq> as
+// a tune request for the frequency the rig was already on.
+//
+// It stayed harmless only while <Freq> was misread as MHz: the tune failed "out
+// of the CAT range" and the loop died there. Reading the unit correctly closed
+// it, and with JTDX "Fake It" — which shifts the dial for every over — each
+// transmission set off a burst of sets echoing between OpsLog and itself until
+// the rig stopped answering IF; and the shared CAT link dropped.
+func TestRadioInfoIsNotARemoteCall(t *testing.T) {
+	pkt := BuildN1MMRadioInfo("F5PHW", 24_915_000, 24_915_000, "FT8", "F5PHW")
+
+	// The trap this closes: the payload really does parse as a plausible dial
+	// frequency, so nothing downstream would have questioned it.
+	m := remoteFreqRe.FindStringSubmatch(string(pkt))
+	if m == nil {
+		t.Fatal("the RadioInfo no longer carries a <Freq> — this test is checking nothing")
+	}
+	if hz := remoteTuneHz(m[1]); hz != 24_915_000 {
+		t.Fatalf("remoteTuneHz(%q) = %d — the dial frequency back is what made the loop live", m[1], hz)
+	}
+
+	if ev := feed(t, pkt); ev != nil {
+		t.Errorf("a RadioInfo produced a remote-call event %+v — the rig would be re-tuned to where it already is", *ev)
+	}
+}
+
+// A callsign has a letter in it. Refusing by shape as well as by name means the
+// next program to broadcast its state on this port cannot drive the rig either.
+func TestRemoteCallNeedsALetter(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, body := range []string{"<CALLSIGN>1</CALLSIGN>", "<CALLSIGN>0</CALLSIGN>", "12345"} {
+		if ev := feed(t, []byte(body)); ev != nil {
+			t.Errorf("%q was accepted as a callsign: %+v", body, *ev)
+		}
+	}
+	// A genuine spot click still gets through, tune request and all.
+	ev := feed(t, []byte("<CALLSIGN>OJ0YL<FREQ>10.112<MODE>CW"))
+	if ev == nil {
+		t.Fatal("a genuine spot click produced no event")
+	}
+	if ev.DXCall != "OJ0YL" || ev.TuneFreqHz != 10_112_000 || ev.TuneMode != "CW" {
+		t.Errorf("spot click decoded as %+v, want OJ0YL / 10112000 Hz / CW", *ev)
+	}
+}
@@ -17,6 +17,38 @@ import (
 	"hamlog/internal/applog"
 )

+// remoteTuneHz turns a <FREQ> value from a remote-call packet into Hz.
+//
+// The field has NO agreed unit, and the same sender uses two of them. DXHunter
+// documents "<FREQ>10.136" — MHz — but a log from a working station showed it
+// echoing "<FREQ>2107400" straight back: the frequency OpsLog had just
+// published to it in the N1MM RadioInfo broadcast, whose <Freq> is in units of
+// 10 Hz. Read as MHz, that asked the rig for 2 107 400 MHz, and every tune
+// request failed with "out of the 11-digit CAT range" from the first second
+// after launch.
+//
+// So the unit is inferred: try each one and keep the first that lands on an
+// amateur band. Anything a station is asked to tune to is, by definition, in
+// one. Hz is tried before 10 Hz because the one overlap between them — a 40 m
+// frequency in Hz reads as a 4 m one in tens of Hz — is far more likely to be
+// 40 m. Nothing plausible means nothing is tuned: a wrong band is worse than a
+// request that visibly did nothing.
+func remoteTuneHz(s string) int64 {
+	v, err := strconv.ParseFloat(s, 64)
+	if err != nil || v <= 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	for _, hz := range []int64{int64(v * 1e6), int64(v * 1e3), int64(v), int64(v * 10)} {
+		if bandFromHz(hz) != "" {
+			return hz
+		}
+	}
+	// Refusing in silence is how the previous version's failure looked from the
+	// outside: a spot clicked in another program, and nothing happening here.
+	applog.Printf("udp: remote_call <FREQ>%s is not a frequency in any amateur band in MHz, kHz or Hz — not tuning\n", s)
+	return 0
+}
+
 // remoteFreqRe / remoteModeRe pull the optional tune request out of a
 // ServiceRemoteCall packet: "<FREQ>10.136" (MHz) and "<MODE>FT8". Both accept
 // an optional closing tag for proper-XML senders.
@@ -391,15 +423,32 @@ func (s *Server) handle(pkt []byte, remote *net.UDPAddr) {
 		// Strip every angle-bracket tag, normalise whitespace, take the
 		// last non-empty token. Upper-case for downstream consistency.
 		text := string(pkt)
+		// NEVER act on an N1MM RadioInfo datagram.
+		//
+		// It is not a spot click, it is a radio TELLING the world where it is —
+		// and on a station where an inbound remote-call row and an outbound
+		// RadioInfo row share a port, the one OpsLog just sent arrives straight
+		// back on the loopback. The tag-stripping below then reads its last token,
+		// <ActiveRadioNr>1</ActiveRadioNr>, as the callsign "1", and <Freq> as a
+		// tune request — for the frequency the rig is already on.
+		//
+		// That was harmless only for as long as <Freq> was misread: in tens of Hz
+		// it looks like a wild number, every tune failed "out of the CAT range",
+		// and the loop died there. Reading the unit correctly closed it. With
+		// WSJT-X/JTDX "Fake It", which shifts the dial for each over, every
+		// transmission then produced a burst of sets echoing between OpsLog and
+		// itself until the rig stopped answering IF; and the shared CAT link
+		// dropped. Reported as Fake It causing CAT disconnections.
+		if low := strings.ToLower(text); strings.Contains(low, "<radioinfo") {
+			return
+		}
 		// Optional tune request: <FREQ>MHz and <MODE>str ride along with the
 		// callsign so a DXHunter spot click can drive OpsLog's CAT. Extract
 		// (and cut) them BEFORE the generic tag-stripping below, which would
 		// otherwise leave their values as stray tokens and corrupt the
 		// "last token = callsign" heuristic.
 		if m := remoteFreqRe.FindStringSubmatch(text); m != nil {
-			if mhz, err := strconv.ParseFloat(m[1], 64); err == nil && mhz > 0 {
-				ev.TuneFreqHz = int64(mhz * 1e6)
-			}
+			ev.TuneFreqHz = remoteTuneHz(m[1])
 			text = strings.Replace(text, m[0], " ", 1)
 		}
 		if m := remoteModeRe.FindStringSubmatch(text); m != nil {
@@ -424,7 +473,16 @@ func (s *Server) handle(pkt []byte, remote *net.UDPAddr) {
 		if len(parts) == 0 {
 			return
 		}
-		ev.DXCall = strings.ToUpper(parts[len(parts)-1])
+		call := strings.ToUpper(parts[len(parts)-1])
+		// A callsign has a letter in it. Without this, any status XML that ends
+		// in a number is read as a station — the RadioInfo above was exactly
+		// that, and refusing it by shape as well as by name means the next
+		// program to broadcast its state on this port cannot drive the rig
+		// either.
+		if !strings.ContainsAny(call, "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ") {
+			return
+		}
+		ev.DXCall = call
 	case ServiceN1MM:
 		adifText, ok, err := ParseN1MM(pkt)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -568,10 +626,36 @@ func (m *Manager) Reload(ctx context.Context) []string {
 		m.inbound[c.ID] = srv
 		m.mu.Unlock()
 	}
+	warnSharedPorts(cfgs)
 	applog.Printf("udp: Reload done — %d server(s) running, %d error(s)", len(m.inbound), len(errs))
 	return errs
 }

+// warnSharedPorts names an inbound and an outbound row sitting on the same
+// port, because that is a loop: what OpsLog sends there, OpsLog receives.
+//
+// It is how a station ended up re-tuning its own rig from its own RadioInfo
+// broadcasts. The parser refuses that particular payload now, but the
+// arrangement stays wrong for anything else that lands on the port, and it is
+// invisible in a settings panel that shows one row at a time.
+func warnSharedPorts(cfgs []Config) {
+	in := map[int]string{}
+	for _, c := range cfgs {
+		if c.Enabled && c.Direction != Outbound {
+			in[c.Port] = c.Name
+		}
+	}
+	for _, c := range cfgs {
+		if !c.Enabled || c.Direction != Outbound {
+			continue
+		}
+		if name, ok := in[c.Port]; ok {
+			applog.Printf("udp: %q sends on port %d and %q listens on it — OpsLog will receive its own messages there; give one of the two another port",
+				c.Name, c.Port, name)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // Outbound returns the active outbound configs matching a service type.
 // Used by the QSO save path to push notifications to listeners.
 func (m *Manager) Outbound(service ServiceType) []Config {
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+// Package psu drives a bench power supply over Modbus RTU — the BSIDE / Wanptek
+// family of programmable supplies that sit in a shack feeding the radios.
+//
+// The register map and the wire settings come from the manufacturer's own
+// document ("This machine only support function code 03,06", version 20180611):
+//
+//	9600 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit
+//	function 03  read holding registers
+//	function 06  write single register
+//	slave address 1…15, address 0 broadcast
+//
+// NOTHING ELSE IS WRITTEN. The map also carries the output voltage and current
+// SET points, and the over-voltage, over-current and over-power trip levels, all
+// read/write. This driver reads them and writes exactly one register: 0x0001,
+// the output on/off. A wrong value in any of the others is not a wrong reading —
+// it is 30 V where a radio expected 13.8, or a protection trip lifted on a
+// supply feeding an amplifier. There is no reason for a logbook to set them, so
+// it cannot.
+package psu
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Registers, from the manufacturer's table. Addresses are as printed there.
+const (
+	regOnOff    = 0x0001 // output on/off — 1 or 0. The ONLY register written.
+	regProtect  = 0x0002 // protection status word
+	regModel    = 0x0003 // specification model
+	regDecimals = 0x0005 // "V_A_W number of digits" — see readDecimals
+	regVolts    = 0x0010 // measured output voltage, 2 decimals
+	regAmps     = 0x0011 // measured output current, 3 decimals
+	regWatts    = 0x0012 // measured output power, 32-bit across 0x0012/0x0013, 3 decimals
+	regSetVolts = 0x0030 // voltage set point, 2 decimals
+	regSetAmps  = 0x0031 // current set point, 3 decimals
+)
+
+const (
+	fnRead  = 0x03
+	fnWrite = 0x06
+)
+
+// Fixed scaling from the manufacturer's "Decimal place" column. The supply also
+// reports its own digit counts in 0x0005, but the document's "Note 2" that
+// explains how to decode that word is not in the manual we have — so the
+// documented per-register values are used, and the raw word is logged once at
+// connect. If an operator ever reports readings out by a factor of ten, that
+// line is what says how to decode it properly.
+const (
+	voltScale = 100.0  // 2 decimals
+	ampScale  = 1000.0 // 3 decimals
+	wattScale = 1000.0 // 3 decimals
+)
+
+// crc16 is the Modbus RTU frame check: CRC-16/MODBUS — reflected, polynomial
+// 0xA001, initial value 0xFFFF, no final xor. Transmitted low byte first.
+func crc16(b []byte) uint16 {
+	crc := uint16(0xFFFF)
+	for _, c := range b {
+		crc ^= uint16(c)
+		for i := 0; i < 8; i++ {
+			if crc&1 != 0 {
+				crc = (crc >> 1) ^ 0xA001
+			} else {
+				crc >>= 1
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return crc
+}
+
+// appendCRC closes a frame: low byte first, as the manual states.
+func appendCRC(f []byte) []byte {
+	c := crc16(f)
+	return append(f, byte(c&0xFF), byte(c>>8))
+}
+
+// buildRead frames a function 03 "read holding registers".
+func buildRead(addr byte, reg uint16, count uint16) []byte {
+	f := []byte{addr, fnRead, byte(reg >> 8), byte(reg), byte(count >> 8), byte(count)}
+	return appendCRC(f)
+}
+
+// buildWrite frames a function 06 "write single register".
+func buildWrite(addr byte, reg, val uint16) []byte {
+	f := []byte{addr, fnWrite, byte(reg >> 8), byte(reg), byte(val >> 8), byte(val)}
+	return appendCRC(f)
+}
+
+// modbusError is an exception response — the supply understood the frame and
+// refused it. Kept distinct from a transport failure: one means "ask
+// differently", the other means "the cable".
+type modbusError struct {
+	fn   byte
+	code byte
+}
+
+func (e modbusError) Error() string {
+	what := map[byte]string{
+		1: "illegal function",
+		2: "illegal data address",
+		3: "illegal data value",
+		4: "slave device failure",
+		6: "device busy",
+	}[e.code]
+	if what == "" {
+		what = fmt.Sprintf("exception %d", e.code)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("supply refused function 0x%02X: %s", e.fn, what)
+}
+
+// parseRead validates a function 03 reply and returns the register values.
+func parseRead(addr byte, want uint16, frame []byte) ([]uint16, error) {
+	if err := checkFrame(addr, fnRead, frame, 5); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	n := int(frame[2])
+	if n != int(want)*2 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("reply carries %d data byte(s), expected %d", n, want*2)
+	}
+	if len(frame) != 3+n+2 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("reply is %d bytes, expected %d", len(frame), 3+n+2)
+	}
+	out := make([]uint16, want)
+	for i := range out {
+		out[i] = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(frame[3+i*2:])
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// parseWriteEcho validates a function 06 reply, which echoes the request.
+func parseWriteEcho(addr byte, reg, val uint16, frame []byte) error {
+	if err := checkFrame(addr, fnWrite, frame, 8); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(frame) != 8 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write reply is %d bytes, expected 8", len(frame))
+	}
+	if got := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(frame[2:]); got != reg {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write reply is for register 0x%04X, not 0x%04X", got, reg)
+	}
+	// The echoed VALUE is the confirmation that the output actually changed.
+	// Accepting the frame without checking it would report an on/off that the
+	// supply never made.
+	if got := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(frame[4:]); got != val {
+		return fmt.Errorf("supply echoed value %d, not the %d it was sent", got, val)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// checkFrame covers what every reply must satisfy: our address, our function
+// (or its exception), and a good CRC.
+func checkFrame(addr, fn byte, frame []byte, min int) error {
+	if len(frame) < 4 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("short reply (%d bytes)", len(frame))
+	}
+	if frame[0] != addr {
+		return fmt.Errorf("reply from address %d, expected %d", frame[0], addr)
+	}
+	if frame[1] == fn|0x80 {
+		if len(frame) < 5 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("short exception reply (%d bytes)", len(frame))
+		}
+		if !crcOK(frame[:5]) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("exception reply failed its CRC")
+		}
+		return modbusError{fn: fn, code: frame[2]}
+	}
+	if frame[1] != fn {
+		return fmt.Errorf("reply to function 0x%02X, expected 0x%02X", frame[1], fn)
+	}
+	if len(frame) < min {
+		return fmt.Errorf("short reply (%d bytes, expected at least %d)", len(frame), min)
+	}
+	if !crcOK(frame) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("reply failed its CRC")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// crcOK checks a whole frame, trailing CRC included: the CRC of the entire
+// frame is zero when it is intact.
+func crcOK(frame []byte) bool {
+	if len(frame) < 3 {
+		return false
+	}
+	body := frame[:len(frame)-2]
+	want := uint16(frame[len(frame)-2]) | uint16(frame[len(frame)-1])<<8
+	return crc16(body) == want
+}
+
+// frameGap is the silence that separates two Modbus RTU frames: 3.5 character
+// times, which at 9600 baud 8N1 (10 bits per character) is 3.65 ms. Rounded up,
+// because the cost of waiting is nothing and the cost of being early is a
+// supply that treats our request as the tail of the previous one.
+const frameGap = 4 * time.Millisecond
+
+// replyWait is how long a reply may take. The manual promises under 5 ms at
+// 9600 baud or better; this is generous by two orders of magnitude so a USB
+// serial bridge that buffers cannot be mistaken for a supply that is not there.
+const replyWait = 500 * time.Millisecond
+
+// readFrame collects a reply until it stops arriving.
+//
+// A serial read that times out returns (0, nil) on Windows — a timeout is not
+// an error on this transport — so a loop that trusts an error to end it never
+// ends. Modbus RTU has no terminator either: a frame is over when the line has
+// been quiet for 3.5 character times. Both facts point at the same shape, a
+// deadline and a quiet-time.
+func readFrame(conn io.Reader, d time.Duration) ([]byte, error) {
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(d)
+	buf := make([]byte, 0, 64)
+	tmp := make([]byte, 64)
+	lastByte := time.Time{}
+	for {
+		n, err := conn.Read(tmp)
+		if err != nil {
+			return buf, err
+		}
+		if n > 0 {
+			buf = append(buf, tmp[:n]...)
+			lastByte = time.Now()
+			continue
+		}
+		// Nothing this time: either the frame has ended, or it never started.
+		if len(buf) > 0 && time.Since(lastByte) >= frameGap {
+			return buf, nil
+		}
+		if time.Now().After(deadline) {
+			if len(buf) > 0 {
+				return buf, nil // partial — let the parser say what is wrong with it
+			}
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("no reply after %s", d)
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+package psu
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// The CRC is the one thing here that cannot be checked by inspection, and every
+// frame depends on it. CRC-16/MODBUS has a published check value: the CRC of
+// the ASCII digits "123456789" is 0x4B37. If this passes, the polynomial, the
+// initial value, the reflection and the absence of a final xor are all right.
+func TestCRCMatchesTheStandardCheckValue(t *testing.T) {
+	if got := crc16([]byte("123456789")); got != 0x4B37 {
+		t.Fatalf("crc16(\"123456789\") = 0x%04X, want 0x4B37 — this is not CRC-16/MODBUS", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// A frame including its own CRC checks to zero. That property is what crcOK
+// relies on, so it is worth pinning separately from the check value.
+func TestAFrameVerifiesItself(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, f := range [][]byte{
+		buildRead(1, regVolts, 2),
+		buildWrite(1, regOnOff, 1),
+		buildWrite(15, regOnOff, 0),
+	} {
+		if !crcOK(f) {
+			t.Errorf("% X does not verify against its own CRC", f)
+		}
+		// And a single flipped bit must be caught.
+		bad := append([]byte(nil), f...)
+		bad[2] ^= 0x01
+		if crcOK(bad) {
+			t.Errorf("% X passed the CRC with a corrupted byte", bad)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// The frame layout, byte for byte against the manual: address, function,
+// register high/low, count or value high/low, then CRC low byte first.
+func TestFrameLayout(t *testing.T) {
+	r := buildRead(1, 0x0010, 2)
+	if len(r) != 8 {
+		t.Fatalf("read frame is %d bytes, want 8", len(r))
+	}
+	want := []byte{0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x02}
+	for i := range want {
+		if r[i] != want[i] {
+			t.Fatalf("read frame % X, want % X…", r, want)
+		}
+	}
+	w := buildWrite(1, regOnOff, 1)
+	want = []byte{0x01, 0x06, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01}
+	for i := range want {
+		if w[i] != want[i] {
+			t.Fatalf("write frame % X, want % X…", w, want)
+		}
+	}
+	// The CRC goes out low byte first — the manual is explicit, and getting it
+	// backwards makes every frame be ignored in silence.
+	c := crc16(w[:6])
+	if w[6] != byte(c&0xFF) || w[7] != byte(c>>8) {
+		t.Errorf("CRC bytes % X, want %02X %02X (low first)", w[6:], byte(c&0xFF), byte(c>>8))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseRead(t *testing.T) {
+	// Two registers: 13.80 V (1380 at 2 decimals) and 2.500 A (2500 at 3).
+	frame := appendCRC([]byte{0x01, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x64, 0x09, 0xC4})
+	got, err := parseRead(1, 2, frame)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parseRead: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(got) != 2 || got[0] != 1380 || got[1] != 2500 {
+		t.Fatalf("got %v, want [1380 2500]", got)
+	}
+	if v := float64(got[0]) / voltScale; v != 13.80 {
+		t.Errorf("voltage scaled to %v, want 13.8", v)
+	}
+}
+
+// A reply from another slave on the same bus must not be read as ours.
+func TestParseRejectsAnotherSlave(t *testing.T) {
+	frame := appendCRC([]byte{0x02, 0x03, 0x02, 0x05, 0x64})
+	if _, err := parseRead(1, 1, frame); err == nil {
+		t.Error("a reply from address 2 was accepted as address 1")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseRejectsABadCRC(t *testing.T) {
+	frame := appendCRC([]byte{0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x05, 0x64})
+	frame[3] ^= 0xFF
+	if _, err := parseRead(1, 1, frame); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "CRC") {
+		t.Errorf("err = %v, want a CRC complaint", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// An exception reply is the supply refusing, not the line failing, and the two
+// need different answers from the operator.
+func TestParseReportsAnException(t *testing.T) {
+	frame := appendCRC([]byte{0x01, 0x83, 0x02})
+	_, err := parseRead(1, 1, frame)
+	var me modbusError
+	if !errors.As(err, &me) {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v, want a modbusError", err)
+	}
+	if me.code != 2 || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "illegal data address") {
+		t.Errorf("exception decoded as %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// The echo is the ONLY confirmation that the output actually switched. A reply
+// echoing a different value means the supply did something else, and reporting
+// that as success is how a radio ends up with no power and a green light.
+func TestWriteEchoMustMatch(t *testing.T) {
+	ok := appendCRC([]byte{0x01, 0x06, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01})
+	if err := parseWriteEcho(1, regOnOff, 1, ok); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("a correct echo was rejected: %v", err)
+	}
+	wrongVal := appendCRC([]byte{0x01, 0x06, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00})
+	if err := parseWriteEcho(1, regOnOff, 1, wrongVal); err == nil {
+		t.Error("an echo of 0 was accepted for a command of 1 — the output never switched")
+	}
+	wrongReg := appendCRC([]byte{0x01, 0x06, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x01})
+	if err := parseWriteEcho(1, regOnOff, 1, wrongReg); err == nil {
+		t.Error("an echo for register 0x0030 was accepted for a write to 0x0001")
+	}
+}
+
+// quietPort delivers a frame in pieces, then goes quiet — a serial port that
+// reports a timeout as (0, nil), which is what Windows does.
+type quietPort struct {
+	chunks [][]byte
+	i      int
+}
+
+func (p *quietPort) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	if p.i >= len(p.chunks) {
+		time.Sleep(2 * time.Millisecond)
+		return 0, nil // timeout, not an error
+	}
+	n := copy(b, p.chunks[p.i])
+	p.i++
+	return n, nil
+}
+
+// A Modbus RTU frame has no terminator: it ends when the line falls quiet. The
+// reader must assemble a dribbled frame and then stop on its own.
+func TestReadFrameAssemblesUntilQuiet(t *testing.T) {
+	want := appendCRC([]byte{0x01, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x64, 0x09, 0xC4})
+	p := &quietPort{chunks: [][]byte{want[:2], want[2:5], want[5:]}}
+	got, err := readFrame(p, time.Second)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("readFrame: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(got) != len(want) {
+		t.Fatalf("read % X, want % X", got, want)
+	}
+	for i := range want {
+		if got[i] != want[i] {
+			t.Fatalf("read % X, want % X", got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// A supply that is switched off, or not on this port, must produce an error
+// rather than a wait that never ends.
+func TestReadFrameGivesUpOnSilence(t *testing.T) {
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { _, err := readFrame(&quietPort{}, 80*time.Millisecond); done <- err }()
+	select {
+	case err := <-done:
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Error("silence was reported as a frame")
+		}
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("readFrame never returned")
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+package psu
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"go.bug.st/serial"
+)
+
+// Config is one supply's serial link.
+type Config struct {
+	ComPort string
+	Baud    int  // 9600 unless the supply has been reconfigured
+	Address byte // Modbus slave address, 1…15 on this family
+}
+
+// Status is what the UI shows. Everything here is READ from the supply — the
+// set points included, which the operator sets on the front panel and OpsLog
+// only reports.
+type Status struct {
+	Connected bool    `json:"connected"`
+	On        bool    `json:"on"`        // output enabled
+	Volts     float64 `json:"volts"`     // measured output
+	Amps      float64 `json:"amps"`      // measured output
+	Watts     float64 `json:"watts"`     // measured output
+	SetVolts  float64 `json:"set_volts"` // the voltage the supply is set to
+	SetAmps   float64 `json:"set_amps"`  // the current limit it is set to
+	Protected uint16  `json:"protected"` // protection status word, non-zero = tripped
+	Error     string  `json:"error,omitempty"`
+}
+
+const pollEvery = 1500 * time.Millisecond
+
+// Client owns the serial link to one supply.
+type Client struct {
+	cfg Config
+
+	connMu sync.Mutex
+	conn   serial.Port
+
+	ioMu sync.Mutex // serialises a request/reply exchange on the shared port
+
+	statusMu sync.Mutex
+	last     Status
+
+	stopChan chan struct{}
+	stopOnce sync.Once
+	lastErr  string
+}
+
+// New builds a client. Nothing is opened until Start.
+func New(cfg Config) *Client {
+	if cfg.Baud <= 0 {
+		cfg.Baud = 9600
+	}
+	if cfg.Address == 0 {
+		cfg.Address = 1
+	}
+	return &Client{cfg: cfg, stopChan: make(chan struct{})}
+}
+
+// Start begins the poll loop. It returns immediately: the supply may be off, and
+// a shack comes up in whatever order it comes up in.
+func (c *Client) Start() error {
+	go c.loop()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Stop closes the link.
+func (c *Client) Stop() {
+	c.stopOnce.Do(func() { close(c.stopChan) })
+	c.closeConn()
+}
+
+// GetStatus returns the last poll's answer.
+func (c *Client) GetStatus() Status {
+	c.statusMu.Lock()
+	defer c.statusMu.Unlock()
+	return c.last
+}
+
+// SetOutput switches the supply's output on or off — the one thing this driver
+// writes. The supply's echo is checked, so a false return of "done" is not
+// possible: either it confirmed the value or this is an error.
+func (c *Client) SetOutput(on bool) error {
+	val := uint16(0)
+	if on {
+		val = 1
+	}
+	if err := c.writeRegister(regOnOff, val); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// Report it at once rather than waiting for the next poll: the operator
+	// pressed a button and is looking at it.
+	c.statusMu.Lock()
+	c.last.On = on
+	c.statusMu.Unlock()
+	log.Printf("psu: output %s", map[bool]string{true: "ON", false: "OFF"}[on])
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Client) loop() {
+	t := time.NewTicker(pollEvery)
+	defer t.Stop()
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-c.stopChan:
+			return
+		case <-t.C:
+			if err := c.poll(); err != nil {
+				c.noteFailure(err)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// poll reads everything the UI shows, in as few exchanges as the register map
+// allows: the measurements are contiguous (0x0010…0x0013), the set points are
+// contiguous (0x0030, 0x0031), and the on/off and protection words sit together
+// at 0x0001/0x0002.
+func (c *Client) poll() error {
+	if err := c.ensureConn(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	st := Status{Connected: true}
+
+	state, err := c.readRegisters(regOnOff, 2)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	st.On = state[0] != 0
+	st.Protected = state[1]
+
+	meas, err := c.readRegisters(regVolts, 4) // U, I, P high, P low
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	st.Volts = float64(meas[0]) / voltScale
+	st.Amps = float64(meas[1]) / ampScale
+	st.Watts = float64(uint32(meas[2])<<16|uint32(meas[3])) / wattScale
+
+	set, err := c.readRegisters(regSetVolts, 2)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	st.SetVolts = float64(set[0]) / voltScale
+	st.SetAmps = float64(set[1]) / ampScale
+
+	c.statusMu.Lock()
+	c.last = st
+	c.statusMu.Unlock()
+	if c.lastErr != "" {
+		log.Printf("psu: %s answering again", c.cfg.ComPort)
+		c.lastErr = ""
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Client) readRegisters(reg, count uint16) ([]uint16, error) {
+	frame, err := c.exchange(buildRead(c.cfg.Address, reg, count))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return parseRead(c.cfg.Address, count, frame)
+}
+
+func (c *Client) writeRegister(reg, val uint16) error {
+	if err := c.ensureConn(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	frame, err := c.exchange(buildWrite(c.cfg.Address, reg, val))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return parseWriteEcho(c.cfg.Address, reg, val, frame)
+}
+
+// exchange sends one frame and reads one reply, holding the port for the whole
+// round trip. Modbus RTU has no way to match a reply to a request, so two
+// exchanges in flight at once would read each other's answers.
+func (c *Client) exchange(req []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	c.connMu.Lock()
+	conn := c.conn
+	c.connMu.Unlock()
+	if conn == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("psu: not connected")
+	}
+
+	c.ioMu.Lock()
+	defer c.ioMu.Unlock()
+
+	// The silence before a frame is part of the protocol, not politeness: it is
+	// how the supply knows this is a new message and not the tail of the last.
+	time.Sleep(frameGap)
+	if _, err := conn.Write(req); err != nil {
+		c.closeConn()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	frame, err := readFrame(conn, replyWait)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.closeConn()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return frame, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Client) ensureConn() error {
+	c.connMu.Lock()
+	defer c.connMu.Unlock()
+	if c.conn != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	port := strings.TrimSpace(c.cfg.ComPort)
+	if port == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("psu: no serial port configured")
+	}
+	p, err := serial.Open(port, &serial.Mode{
+		BaudRate: c.cfg.Baud,
+		DataBits: 8,
+		Parity:   serial.NoParity,
+		StopBits: serial.OneStopBit,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("psu: cannot open %s: %w", port, err)
+	}
+	// Short per-read timeout: readFrame decides when a frame has ended by the
+	// quiet between bytes, so each Read must come back promptly with whatever
+	// has arrived.
+	_ = p.SetReadTimeout(2 * time.Millisecond)
+	c.conn = p
+	log.Printf("psu: %s open at %d baud, Modbus address %d", port, c.cfg.Baud, c.cfg.Address)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Client) closeConn() {
+	c.connMu.Lock()
+	defer c.connMu.Unlock()
+	if c.conn != nil {
+		_ = c.conn.Close()
+		c.conn = nil
+	}
+}
+
+// noteFailure records a poll failure and says so ONCE per distinct message.
+//
+// A supply that is switched off at the mains fails every poll, and a line per
+// second and a half would be the whole log file — but saying nothing at all is
+// how "it stopped working" arrives with no evidence.
+func (c *Client) noteFailure(err error) {
+	msg := err.Error()
+	c.statusMu.Lock()
+	c.last = Status{Connected: false, Error: msg}
+	c.statusMu.Unlock()
+	if msg != c.lastErr {
+		c.lastErr = msg
+		log.Printf("psu: %v — retrying every %s, and this will not be logged again until it changes", err, pollEvery)
+	}
+}
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ package relaydev
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
+	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -20,13 +22,28 @@ import (
 //
 //   - one URL pair with {relay} in it, used for every relay:
 //     http://192.168.1.9/relay?n={relay}&state=on
-//   - or one pair per relay, when the box has no pattern to speak of:
+//   - one pair per relay, when the box has no pattern to speak of:
 //     relay 1 → http://192.168.1.9/FF0101 , relay 2 → .../FF0201
 //
 // The second is the reason this driver exists. A hand-made switch often has
 // URLs with nothing in common between channels, and a template with {relay}
 // cannot express that.
 //
+// TWO SUBSTITUTIONS are available in either form:
+//
+//	{relay}   the relay number, 1-based. {relay-1} for a board that counts its
+//	          channels from zero — otherwise the whole pattern has to be given
+//	          up for eight hand-typed URLs over one missing offset.
+//	{value}   that relay's LABEL, the name given to it in Relay labels. A switch
+//	          addressed by antenna name rather than by channel number
+//	          (…/relay?on=Ant1) is then one pattern instead of eight URLs, and
+//	          renaming the antenna re-addresses it — the name the operator reads
+//	          on the button and the name on the wire cannot drift apart because
+//	          they are the same string.
+//
+// The label is percent-encoded, so a name with a space or an accent goes out as
+// a valid URL rather than a request the board rejects without saying why.
+//
 // STATE IS REMEMBERED, NOT READ. Most of these boxes have no status endpoint,
 // or answer with a web page nobody can parse reliably. Status therefore returns
 // what we last commanded — see the method for what that costs.
@@ -35,6 +52,7 @@ type httpGen struct {
 	offURLs []string
 	onPat   string // pattern with {relay}, used when the per-relay URL is empty
 	offPat  string
+	labels  []string // index 0 = relay 1; what {value} resolves to
 	user    string
 	pass    string
 	count   int
@@ -45,8 +63,8 @@ type httpGen struct {

 // NewHTTPGeneric builds the driver. onURLs/offURLs are per relay (index 0 =
 // relay 1) and may be short or hold empty entries; onPat/offPat are the
-// fallback patterns.
-func NewHTTPGeneric(onURLs, offURLs []string, onPat, offPat, user, pass string, count int) Device {
+// fallback patterns; labels are the relay names {value} substitutes.
+func NewHTTPGeneric(onURLs, offURLs []string, onPat, offPat, user, pass string, count int, labels []string) Device {
 	if count <= 0 {
 		count = len(onURLs)
 	}
@@ -55,7 +73,7 @@ func NewHTTPGeneric(onURLs, offURLs []string, onPat, offPat, user, pass string,
 	}
 	return &httpGen{
 		onURLs: onURLs, offURLs: offURLs,
-		onPat: onPat, offPat: offPat,
+		onPat: onPat, offPat: offPat, labels: labels,
 		user: user, pass: pass, count: count,
 		state: make([]bool, count),
 	}
@@ -64,38 +82,120 @@ func NewHTTPGeneric(onURLs, offURLs []string, onPat, offPat, user, pass string,
 func (h *httpGen) Count() int   { return h.count }
 func (h *httpGen) Close() error { return nil } // stateless HTTP, nothing to release

-// urlFor picks the per-relay URL, falling back to the pattern.
-func (h *httpGen) urlFor(relay int, on bool) string {
-	list, pat := h.offURLs, h.offPat
+// patFor returns the pattern for a direction, trimmed.
+func (h *httpGen) patFor(on bool) string {
 	if on {
-		list, pat = h.onURLs, h.onPat
+		return strings.TrimSpace(h.onPat)
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(h.offPat)
+}
+
+// entryFor returns what was typed in the per-relay box for a direction.
+func (h *httpGen) entryFor(relay int, on bool) string {
+	list := h.offURLs
+	if on {
+		list = h.onURLs
 	}
 	if i := relay - 1; i >= 0 && i < len(list) {
-		if u := strings.TrimSpace(list[i]); u != "" {
-			return u
+		return strings.TrimSpace(list[i])
 	}
-	}
-	if pat = strings.TrimSpace(pat); pat == "" {
 	return ""
 }
-	return strings.ReplaceAll(pat, "{relay}", strconv.Itoa(relay))
+
+// labelFor returns the relay's name, as typed in Relay labels.
+func (h *httpGen) labelFor(relay int) string {
+	if i := relay - 1; i >= 0 && i < len(h.labels) {
+		return strings.TrimSpace(h.labels[i])
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// urlFor builds the request for one relay in one direction: the per-relay URL
+// if there is one, the pattern otherwise, with both substitutions applied.
+func (h *httpGen) urlFor(relay int, on bool) string {
+	u := h.entryFor(relay, on)
+	if u == "" {
+		u = h.patFor(on)
+	}
+	if u == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return expand(u, relay, h.labelFor(relay))
+}
+
+// escapeValue percent-encodes a relay label for use anywhere in a URL.
+//
+// url.QueryEscape alone is wrong: it writes a space as "+", which is a space
+// only in a query string and a literal plus sign in a path. Encoding it as %20
+// instead is correct in both, and {value} may land in either.
+func escapeValue(s string) string {
+	return strings.ReplaceAll(url.QueryEscape(s), "+", "%20")
+}
+
+// withScheme supplies http:// when none was typed, and leaves https:// alone.
+//
+// The same rule the named boards get from relayBase, and it has to be here too:
+// this driver takes whole URLs rather than a host, and a line typed as
+// "192.168.1.9/Set0/1" would otherwise fail with "unsupported protocol scheme"
+// — an error about a scheme, for a field where nobody knew one was expected.
+// An https:// board (a reverse proxy fronting the shack, most often) is passed
+// through untouched and needs no other handling: it is the same HTTP client.
+func withScheme(u string) string {
+	if u == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if l := strings.ToLower(u); strings.HasPrefix(l, "http://") || strings.HasPrefix(l, "https://") {
+		return u
+	}
+	return "http://" + u
+}
+
+// relayToken matches {relay} and its offset forms, {relay-1} / {relay+2}.
+var relayToken = regexp.MustCompile(`\{relay([+-]\d+)?\}`)
+
+// expand substitutes {value} with the relay's label and {relay} with its
+// number, honouring an offset. A board that numbers its channels from zero is
+// written {relay-1}; without that the whole pattern has to be abandoned for
+// four hand-typed URLs.
+func expand(s string, relay int, label string) string {
+	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "{value}", escapeValue(label))
+	return relayToken.ReplaceAllStringFunc(s, func(m string) string {
+		n := relay
+		if i := strings.IndexAny(m, "+-"); i >= 0 {
+			if off, err := strconv.Atoi(m[i : len(m)-1]); err == nil {
+				n += off
+			}
+		}
+		return strconv.Itoa(n)
+	})
 }

 func (h *httpGen) Set(ctx context.Context, relay int, on bool) error {
 	if relay < 1 || relay > h.count {
 		return fmt.Errorf("relay %d out of range 1..%d", relay, h.count)
 	}
-	u := h.urlFor(relay, on)
-	if u == "" {
-		// Naming the direction matters: an operator who filled the ON URLs and
-		// left OFF empty gets a switch that latches, and "no URL configured"
-		// alone would not say which half is missing.
+	// Naming the direction matters: an operator who filled the ON URLs and left
+	// OFF empty gets a switch that latches, and "no URL configured" alone would
+	// not say which half is missing.
 	dir := "OFF"
 	if on {
 		dir = "ON"
 	}
+	tmpl := h.entryFor(relay, on)
+	if tmpl == "" {
+		tmpl = h.patFor(on)
+	}
+	if tmpl == "" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("no %s URL configured for relay %d", dir, relay)
 	}
+	// {value} with no label would send "?on=" — an empty parameter to an antenna
+	// switch, which most boards answer with a cheerful 200 and no movement. Say
+	// what is missing instead of firing it.
+	if strings.Contains(tmpl, "{value}") && h.labelFor(relay) == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("the %s URL for relay %d uses {value}, but relay %d has no label to put there", dir, relay, relay)
+	}
+	u := h.urlFor(relay, on)
+	u = withScheme(u)
 	if _, err := get(ctx, u, h.user, h.pass); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func TestHTTPGenericPattern(t *testing.T) {

 	d := NewHTTPGeneric(nil, nil,
 		srv.URL+"/relay?n={relay}&state=on",
-		srv.URL+"/relay?n={relay}&state=off", "", "", 4)
+		srv.URL+"/relay?n={relay}&state=off", "", "", 4, nil)
 	if err := d.Set(context.Background(), 2, true); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Set on: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func TestHTTPGenericPerRelayURLsWinOverThePattern(t *testing.T) {
 	d := NewHTTPGeneric(
 		[]string{srv.URL + "/FF0101", "", srv.URL + "/weird/on"},
 		[]string{srv.URL + "/FF0100", "", ""},
-		srv.URL+"/pattern/on/{relay}", srv.URL+"/pattern/off/{relay}", "", "", 3)
+		srv.URL+"/pattern/on/{relay}", srv.URL+"/pattern/off/{relay}", "", "", 3, nil)

 	_ = d.Set(context.Background(), 1, true)  // its own URL
 	_ = d.Set(context.Background(), 2, true)  // empty → falls back to the pattern
@@ -66,10 +66,90 @@ func TestHTTPGenericPerRelayURLsWinOverThePattern(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+// {value} is the relay's LABEL: a switch addressed by antenna name rather than
+// by channel number is one pattern instead of eight URLs.
+func TestHTTPGenericValueIsTheRelayLabel(t *testing.T) {
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	var got []string
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		mu.Lock()
+		got = append(got, r.URL.String())
+		mu.Unlock()
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	d := NewHTTPGeneric(
+		[]string{srv.URL + "/relay?on={value}"}, // per-relay URL
+		nil,
+		"", srv.URL+"/relay?off={value}", // and the pattern, for the other direction
+		"", "", 3, []string{"Ant1", "Beam 20m", ""})
+	_ = d.Set(context.Background(), 1, true)
+	_ = d.Set(context.Background(), 2, false)
+	mu.Lock()
+	defer mu.Unlock()
+	// The space in "Beam 20m" must go out as %20 — a "+" would be a literal plus
+	// in a path, and this substitution can land in either half of a URL.
+	want := []string{"/relay?on=Ant1", "/relay?off=Beam%2020m"}
+	if strings.Join(got, " ") != strings.Join(want, " ") {
+		t.Errorf("requested %v, want %v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+// {relay-1} for a board whose channels are numbered from zero.
+func TestHTTPGenericRelayOffset(t *testing.T) {
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	var got []string
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		mu.Lock()
+		got = append(got, r.URL.Path)
+		mu.Unlock()
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	d := NewHTTPGeneric(nil, nil,
+		srv.URL+"/set0/{relay-1}/1", srv.URL+"/set0/{relay-1}/0", "", "", 4, nil)
+	_ = d.Set(context.Background(), 1, true)
+	_ = d.Set(context.Background(), 4, false)
+	mu.Lock()
+	defer mu.Unlock()
+	want := []string{"/set0/0/1", "/set0/3/0"}
+	if strings.Join(got, " ") != strings.Join(want, " ") {
+		t.Errorf("requested %v, want %v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+// A URL that uses {value} on an unlabelled relay would go out as "?on=" — an
+// empty parameter, which most boards answer with a cheerful 200 and no
+// movement. It must be refused, and the message must say the label is what is
+// missing.
+func TestHTTPGenericRefusesValueWithoutALabel(t *testing.T) {
+	d := NewHTTPGeneric(nil, nil, "http://x/relay?on={value}", "", "", "", 2, []string{"", ""})
+	err := d.Set(context.Background(), 1, true)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "label") {
+		t.Errorf("err = %v, want it to name the missing label", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// A URL typed without a scheme must still be sent — the named boards take a
+// bare host and add http:// themselves, and this one has to behave the same.
+// https:// is left exactly as typed.
+func TestHTTPGenericSuppliesTheScheme(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, c := range []struct{ in, want string }{
+		{"192.168.1.9/Set0/1", "http://192.168.1.9/Set0/1"},
+		{"http://192.168.1.9/x", "http://192.168.1.9/x"},
+		{"https://relay.example.com/x", "https://relay.example.com/x"},
+		{"HTTPS://relay.example.com/x", "HTTPS://relay.example.com/x"},
+	} {
+		if got := withScheme(c.in); got != c.want {
+			t.Errorf("withScheme(%q) = %q, want %q", c.in, got, c.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // A switch with the ON URLs filled and OFF left empty latches. The error has to
 // name the direction, or the operator cannot tell which half is missing.
 func TestHTTPGenericNamesTheMissingDirection(t *testing.T) {
-	d := NewHTTPGeneric([]string{"http://x/on"}, nil, "", "", "", "", 1)
+	d := NewHTTPGeneric([]string{"http://x/on"}, nil, "", "", "", "", 1, nil)
 	err := d.Set(context.Background(), 1, false)
 	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "OFF") {
 		t.Errorf("err = %v, want it to name the OFF direction", err)
@@ -80,7 +160,7 @@ func TestHTTPGenericNamesTheMissingDirection(t *testing.T) {
 func TestHTTPGenericRemembersWhatItCommanded(t *testing.T) {
 	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {}))
 	defer srv.Close()
-	d := NewHTTPGeneric(nil, nil, srv.URL+"/on/{relay}", srv.URL+"/off/{relay}", "", "", 3)
+	d := NewHTTPGeneric(nil, nil, srv.URL+"/on/{relay}", srv.URL+"/off/{relay}", "", "", 3, nil)
 	_ = d.Set(context.Background(), 2, true)
 	st, err := d.Status(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 // just to turn an antenna. Two towers with a controller each is the ordinary
 // case; each one is a separate serial port and a separate rotor in OpsLog.
 //
-// WIRE FORMAT
+// # WIRE FORMAT
 //
 // Every command is 13 bytes:
 //
@@ -30,6 +30,13 @@
 //
 //	az = H1×100 + H2×10 + H3 + H4/10 − 360
 //
+// ROT1PROG IS THREE DIGITS IN BOTH DIRECTIONS. Its reply carries three, and so
+// does its command — the controller reads the azimuth from offsets 1, 2 and 3,
+// with no resolution scaling (it is one pulse per degree). Sending it the
+// four-digit Rot2Prog form shifts every target by a decimal place: 90° goes out
+// as "0450" and is read as 045, which is −315°, so every command turns the
+// antenna nearly a full circle the wrong way. Found on a tower, not here.
+//
 // The 360 offset is what lets the controller report a rotator that has turned
 // past north in either direction, which is the point of a pulse-counting
 // rotator: −180…540 rather than 0…359.
@@ -111,7 +118,22 @@ func BuildStop() []byte { return buildCmd(0, 0, 0, 0, cmdStop) }
 // Azimuth is offset by 360 before scaling, so a target of −10° and one of 350°
 // are different instructions: the first turns anticlockwise past north, the
 // second does not. Feeding a 0…359 heading in is therefore always safe.
-func BuildSet(az, el float64, resolution byte) []byte {
+//
+// ROT1PROG SENDS THREE DIGITS, NOT FOUR, and that is the whole reason this
+// takes a model. Its reply is three digits — a 5-byte frame — and its command
+// field matches: the controller reads the azimuth from offsets 1, 2 and 3.
+//
+// Sending the four-digit Rot2Prog form to one shifts every target by a decimal
+// place. "0450" for 90° was read as 045, i.e. 45 − 360 = −315°, so every
+// command became a near-full turn ANTICLOCKWISE whatever was asked for — 0°,
+// 90°, 180°, all of them. That is exactly how it was reported from a tower:
+// every heading wanted to go the wrong way round, and a "point to 0°" test that
+// did nothing useful.
+func BuildSet(az, el float64, resolution byte, model Model) []byte {
+	if model == Rot1Prog {
+		// No scaling: a Rot1Prog is one pulse per degree and reports resolution 1.
+		return buildCmd3(int(360+az+0.5), int(360+el+0.5))
+	}
 	if resolution == 0 {
 		resolution = 1
 	}
@@ -120,6 +142,26 @@ func BuildSet(az, el float64, resolution byte) []byte {
 	return buildCmd(uaz, uel, resolution, resolution, cmdSet)
 }

+// buildCmd3 frames a Rot1Prog target: three ASCII digits per axis at the same
+// offsets its replies use, the fourth digit position left as '0'.
+func buildCmd3(uaz, uel int) []byte {
+	c := make([]byte, 13)
+	c[0] = frameStart
+	c[1] = '0' + byte(uaz/100%10)
+	c[2] = '0' + byte(uaz/10%10)
+	c[3] = '0' + byte(uaz%10)
+	c[4] = '0'
+	c[5] = 0x01
+	c[6] = '0' + byte(uel/100%10)
+	c[7] = '0' + byte(uel/10%10)
+	c[8] = '0' + byte(uel%10)
+	c[9] = '0'
+	c[10] = 0x01
+	c[11] = cmdSet
+	c[12] = frameEnd
+	return c
+}
+
 func buildCmd(uaz, uel int, ph, pv byte, k byte) []byte {
 	c := make([]byte, 13)
 	c[0] = frameStart
@@ -175,7 +217,7 @@ func (c *Client) GoTo(az int, el int) error {
 	if el >= 0 && c.model == Rot2Prog {
 		e = float64(el)
 	}
-	_, err := c.exchange(BuildSet(float64(az), e, res), 0)
+	_, err := c.exchange(BuildSet(float64(az), e, res, c.model), 0)
 	return err
 }

@@ -12,21 +12,67 @@ import (
 func TestSetFrameMatchesTheReference(t *testing.T) {
 	// Hamlib: u_az = PH × (360 + az), then the four decimal digits as ASCII;
 	// PH and PV raw; K = 0x2F.
-	got := BuildSet(0, 0, 1) // 360 → "0360"
+	got := BuildSet(0, 0, 1, Rot2Prog) // 360 → "0360"
 	want := []byte{0x57, '0', '3', '6', '0', 0x01, '0', '3', '6', '0', 0x01, 0x2F, 0x20}
 	assertBytes(t, "az 0 res 1", got, want)

 	// 90° at half-degree resolution: 2 × 450 = 900 → "0900".
-	got = BuildSet(90, 0, 2)
+	got = BuildSet(90, 0, 2, Rot2Prog)
 	want = []byte{0x57, '0', '9', '0', '0', 0x02, '0', '7', '2', '0', 0x02, 0x2F, 0x20}
 	assertBytes(t, "az 90 res 2", got, want)

 	// A quarter-degree controller, 359°: 4 × 719 = 2876.
-	got = BuildSet(359, 0, 4)
+	got = BuildSet(359, 0, 4, Rot2Prog)
 	want = []byte{0x57, '2', '8', '7', '6', 0x04, '1', '4', '4', '0', 0x04, 0x2F, 0x20}
 	assertBytes(t, "az 359 res 4", got, want)
 }

+// A Rot1Prog reads its azimuth from offsets 1, 2 and 3 — three digits, the same
+// field its five-byte replies use.
+//
+// This is field evidence, not a reading of the reference: sending the
+// four-digit Rot2Prog form to a RAK/RAU made every command turn the antenna
+// nearly a full circle ANTICLOCKWISE. "0450" for 90° was read as 045, which is
+// 45 − 360 = −315°, and the same shift made 0°, 180° and every other target go
+// the wrong way round too. The three cases below are the ones that were tried
+// on the tower.
+func TestRot1ProgSetFrameIsThreeDigits(t *testing.T) {
+	// 0° → 360 → "360". The "point to 0°" test that did nothing.
+	assertBytes(t, "rot1prog az 0", BuildSet(0, 0, 1, Rot1Prog),
+		[]byte{0x57, '3', '6', '0', '0', 0x01, '3', '6', '0', '0', 0x01, 0x2F, 0x20})
+
+	// 90° → 450 → "450". Sent as "0450" it read as 45 − 360 = −315°, which from
+	// 45° is a full turn the wrong way.
+	assertBytes(t, "rot1prog az 90", BuildSet(90, 0, 1, Rot1Prog),
+		[]byte{0x57, '4', '5', '0', '0', 0x01, '3', '6', '0', '0', 0x01, 0x2F, 0x20})
+
+	// 359° → 719 → "719": three digits still, at the top of the range.
+	assertBytes(t, "rot1prog az 359", BuildSet(359, 0, 1, Rot1Prog),
+		[]byte{0x57, '7', '1', '9', '0', 0x01, '3', '6', '0', '0', 0x01, 0x2F, 0x20})
+}
+
+// What a Rot1Prog is SENT and what it REPORTS have to be the same number, or
+// the antenna goes somewhere nobody asked for. Round-tripping every degree of
+// the circle through the command builder and the reply parser is the cheapest
+// way to say that, and it is the check that would have caught the four-digit
+// frame before it reached a tower.
+func TestRot1ProgCommandAndReplyAgree(t *testing.T) {
+	for deg := 0; deg < 360; deg++ {
+		cmd := BuildSet(float64(deg), 0, 1, Rot1Prog)
+		// The controller reads three ASCII digits and answers with the same value
+		// in raw bytes — the asymmetry this protocol is built on.
+		reply := []byte{0x57, cmd[1] - '0', cmd[2] - '0', cmd[3] - '0', 0x20}
+		az, _, _, err := ParseStatus(reply, Rot1Prog)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("%d°: %v", deg, err)
+		}
+		if int(az+0.5) != deg {
+			t.Fatalf("commanded %d°, the controller would report %v° — a %v° error",
+				deg, az, az-float64(deg))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // Status and stop carry no position: every data byte is zero, only K differs.
 func TestStatusAndStopFrames(t *testing.T) {
 	assertBytes(t, "status", BuildStatus(),
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+package steppir
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// silentPort is a serial port that has stopped answering: every read times out.
+// On Windows that is reported as (0, nil) — a timeout is not an error on this
+// transport — which is precisely what io.ReadFull cannot survive.
+type silentPort struct{ reads int }
+
+func (p *silentPort) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	p.reads++
+	time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond) // stand in for the port's read timeout
+	return 0, nil
+}
+func (p *silentPort) Write(b []byte) (int, error) { return len(b), nil }
+func (p *silentPort) Close() error                { return nil }
+
+// A controller that goes quiet must make the read FAIL, not hang. Hanging held
+// the io mutex, so the poll loop never reported a fault and every operator
+// command blocked behind it: the antenna stopped responding and the log had
+// nothing in it.
+func TestReadFrameGivesUpOnASilentController(t *testing.T) {
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		done <- readFrame(&silentPort{}, make([]byte, 11), 100*time.Millisecond)
+	}()
+	select {
+	case err := <-done:
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("a silent controller was reported as a good frame")
+		}
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("readFrame never returned — the driver is wedged exactly as it was in the field")
+	}
+}
+
+// dribblePort delivers the frame a few bytes at a time, with empty reads in
+// between — a slow 4800-baud link, which must still assemble one frame.
+type dribblePort struct {
+	data []byte
+	step int
+	idle int // empty reads before each chunk
+	n    int
+}
+
+func (p *dribblePort) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	if p.n < p.idle {
+		p.n++
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+	p.n = 0
+	if len(p.data) == 0 {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+	k := p.step
+	if k > len(p.data) {
+		k = len(p.data)
+	}
+	if k > len(b) {
+		k = len(b)
+	}
+	copy(b, p.data[:k])
+	p.data = p.data[k:]
+	return k, nil
+}
+func (p *dribblePort) Write(b []byte) (int, error) { return len(b), nil }
+func (p *dribblePort) Close() error                { return nil }
+
+func TestReadFrameAssemblesASlowFrame(t *testing.T) {
+	want := []byte{'@', 'A', 0x00, 0x20, 0x1E, 0xA8, 0x00, 0x05, 0x30, 0x37, 0x0D}
+	p := &dribblePort{data: append([]byte(nil), want...), step: 3, idle: 2}
+	buf := make([]byte, 11)
+	if err := readFrame(p, buf, time.Second); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("readFrame: %v", err)
+	}
+	for i := range want {
+		if buf[i] != want[i] {
+			t.Fatalf("read % X, want % X", buf, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// A truncated frame is a failure, not a frame. The controller sending 5 bytes
+// and stopping used to spin forever on the missing 6.
+func TestReadFrameRejectsATruncatedFrame(t *testing.T) {
+	p := &dribblePort{data: []byte{'@', 'A', 0x00, 0x20, 0x1E}, step: 5}
+	err := readFrame(p, make([]byte, 11), 100*time.Millisecond)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("a 5-byte frame was accepted as 11")
+	}
+}
+
+// A real error still comes straight back.
+func TestReadFrameReturnsPortErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	want := errors.New("port closed")
+	p := errPort{err: want}
+	if err := readFrame(p, make([]byte, 11), time.Second); !errors.Is(err, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v, want %v", err, want)
+	}
+}
+
+type errPort struct{ err error }
+
+func (p errPort) Read([]byte) (int, error)    { return 0, p.err }
+func (p errPort) Write(b []byte) (int, error) { return len(b), nil }
+func (p errPort) Close() error                { return nil }
+
+var _ io.ReadWriteCloser = errPort{}
@@ -419,6 +419,45 @@ func drain(conn io.ReadWriteCloser) int {
 	return total
 }

+// frameTimeout bounds the wait for one 11-byte status reply. At 4800 baud the
+// frame itself takes ~23 ms; three seconds is a controller that is not going to
+// answer this query.
+const frameTimeout = 3 * time.Second
+
+// readFrame reads exactly len(buf) bytes, or gives up.
+//
+// io.ReadFull CANNOT be used on a serial port, and using it here is what made an
+// antenna "stop responding after a while" with nothing whatsoever in the log.
+//
+// On Windows a serial read that times out returns (0, nil) — a timeout is not an
+// error on this transport. io.ReadFull loops while err == nil, so a controller
+// that goes quiet, or sends a truncated frame, spins it forever. It holds ioMu
+// the whole time, and that is the part the operator sees: the poll goroutine
+// never returns to report a fault, so the last status stays on screen and the
+// link still looks connected — while every command blocks on the same mutex.
+// The trace line used to sit AFTER that lock, so even the attempt went unlogged.
+// One dropped reply on a 4800-baud link wedged the driver until OpsLog restarted.
+//
+// Giving up returns an error, which the poll loop already knows how to handle:
+// it says so in the log and reconnects.
+func readFrame(conn io.ReadWriteCloser, buf []byte, d time.Duration) error {
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(d)
+	for n := 0; n < len(buf); {
+		m, err := conn.Read(buf[n:])
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		n += m
+		if n >= len(buf) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if time.Now().After(deadline) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("timed out after %s with %d of %d bytes", d, n, len(buf))
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (c *Client) queryStatus() (*Status, error) {
 	c.connMu.Lock()
 	conn := c.conn
@@ -438,7 +477,7 @@ func (c *Client) queryStatus() (*Status, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("write status cmd: %w", err)
 	}
 	buf := make([]byte, 11)
-	if _, err := io.ReadFull(conn, buf); err != nil {
+	if err := readFrame(conn, buf, frameTimeout); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read status: %w", err)
 	}
 	// Reject anything that isn't a framed reply rather than decoding garbage into
@@ -523,9 +562,14 @@ func (c *Client) writeCmd(pkt []byte) error {
 	if conn == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("steppir: not connected")
 	}
+	// Traced BEFORE taking the lock, not after. A command waits here for the poll
+	// in flight, and when that wait was unbounded the log showed no sign the
+	// operator had asked for anything at all — the one fact that would have named
+	// the fault. The line now means "asked for"; a failure to write is reported
+	// by the caller.
+	log.Printf("steppir: → % X", pkt)
 	c.ioMu.Lock()
 	defer c.ioMu.Unlock()
-	log.Printf("steppir: → % X", pkt)
 	setDeadline(conn, 3*time.Second)
 	if _, err := conn.Write(pkt); err != nil {
 		c.closeConn()
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// Every setting in OpsLog is per profile, station hardware included. A device
+// started at boot and never again therefore stays on the PREVIOUS profile's
+// port until Settings is opened and saved — which is how an operator running an
+// SPE on COM9 for HF and another on COM10 for 6 m, one per profile, found the
+// amplifier still on the old port after switching. Save is not a connect
+// button.
+//
+// This test keeps startup and reloadAfterProfileSwitch in lockstep: anything
+// started at boot must either be re-applied on a profile switch or be listed
+// below with the reason it must not be. Adding a device makes the choice
+// explicit instead of leaving the fifth one to be found by a user.
+func TestProfileSwitchReappliesEveryStartupDevice(t *testing.T) {
+	src, err := os.ReadFile("app.go")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read app.go: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Started at boot but deliberately NOT re-run on a profile switch:
+	notPerProfile := map[string]string{
+		"startAllEnabledClusters": "the cluster panel reconnects itself; its servers are a global list",
+		"startGridCache":          "a shared on-disk grid cache, not a profile's",
+		"startBandOpenFeed":       "PSK Reporter, keyed on the operator grid it re-reads itself",
+	}
+
+	startup := body(t, string(src), "func (a *App) startup(ctx context.Context) {")
+	reload := body(t, string(src), "func (a *App) reloadAfterProfileSwitch() {")
+
+	call := regexp.MustCompile(`a\.(start[A-Z][A-Za-z]*)\b`)
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, m := range call.FindAllStringSubmatch(startup, -1) {
+		name := m[1]
+		if seen[name] || notPerProfile[name] != "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[name] = true
+		if !strings.Contains(reload, "a."+name) {
+			t.Errorf("%s runs at startup but not on a profile switch — the device stays on the previous profile's settings.\n"+
+				"Add it to reloadAfterProfileSwitch, or to notPerProfile here with the reason it must not follow the profile.", name)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(seen) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("no startup device starters found — this test has stopped checking anything")
+	}
+}
+
+// body returns the source of the function opening with the given signature,
+// up to the closing brace in column 0.
+func body(t *testing.T, src, signature string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	i := strings.Index(src, signature)
+	if i < 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("%q not found in app.go", signature)
+	}
+	rest := src[i+len(signature):]
+	if j := strings.Index(rest, "\n}"); j >= 0 {
+		return rest[:j]
+	}
+	return rest
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// The default QSL e-mail closes with a credit line carrying the download page.
+//
+// It is part of the BODY TEMPLATE, deliberately: an operator who does not want
+// it deletes it once, and one who already wrote their own body never sees it,
+// because a stored template is returned verbatim and the default is only the
+// fallback. Appending it at send time would have made it unremovable.
+func TestQSLCreditIsInTheDefaultBody(t *testing.T) {
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(defaultQSLEmailBody, qslCredit) {
+		t.Errorf("the default QSL e-mail does not end with the credit line:\n%q", defaultQSLEmailBody)
+	}
+	// The body still has to be a usable template — the credit is added to it,
+	// not in place of it.
+	for _, v := range []string{"{DATE}", "{BAND}", "{MODE}", "{MYCALL}"} {
+		if !strings.Contains(defaultQSLEmailBody, v) {
+			t.Errorf("the default QSL e-mail lost %s", v)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// The link must be the page a person can read. updateCheckURL sits beside it and
+// answers JSON — sending a correspondent there is the easy mistake to make.
+func TestQSLCreditLinksTheHumanPage(t *testing.T) {
+	if !strings.Contains(qslCredit, releasesPageURL) {
+		t.Errorf("credit %q does not carry the releases page", qslCredit)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(qslCredit, "api.github.com") {
+		t.Errorf("credit %q points at the update API, which answers JSON to whoever clicks it", qslCredit)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(qslCredit, "OpsLog") {
+		t.Errorf("credit %q does not name OpsLog", qslCredit)
+	}
+}
@@ -203,3 +203,34 @@ func (a *App) applyRelayAuto(freqHz int64, band string) {
 		wruntime.EventsEmit(a.ctx, "station:relay_auto", nil) // nudge the Station Control UI to re-poll
 	}
 }
+
+// EntryBandChanged drives the band-following features from the QSO ENTRY band
+// selector, for a station whose rig OpsLog does not control.
+//
+// Both of them — relay automatic control and the band-change outbound rows —
+// hang off the rig state, and that is right when there IS a rig: changing Band
+// in the entry strip pushes a QSY to it, the new state comes back through the
+// CAT callback, and the relays follow from there. Without a CAT connection
+// nothing is pushed and nothing comes back, so an operator with an antenna
+// switch and no rig control changed band in OpsLog and watched the switch sit
+// exactly where it was. Reported as automatic control not working; it was never
+// told the band had changed.
+//
+// The frontend calls this ONLY when the CAT push did not happen, and never when
+// the band or frequency lock is on — a lock means the entry is deliberately
+// decoupled from the rig (logging an old contact off-frequency), and moving an
+// antenna to match a QSO from last year is worse than doing nothing.
+//
+// The frequency is passed as unknown, deliberately: a band selector gives a
+// band and nothing else, and rules written on a frequency RANGE must be left
+// alone rather than evaluated against a made-up dial reading.
+func (a *App) EntryBandChanged(band string) {
+	band = strings.TrimSpace(band)
+	if band == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	if a.relayAutoOn.Load() {
+		go a.applyRelayAuto(0, band)
+	}
+	a.emitBandChangeTrigger(band, "", 0)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// The generic HTTP board must actually be built from its URLs.
+//
+// It was not: buildDeviceDriver had no case for it, so it fell through to the
+// WebSwitch driver. The board was configured, saved, listed — and every command
+// went to a WebSwitch address that did not exist, which also left the device
+// reported as offline and every relay button on the panel greyed out. Nothing in
+// the UI said so; the URLs were simply never sent.
+func TestGenericHTTPBoardSendsItsConfiguredURL(t *testing.T) {
+	hit := make(chan string, 4)
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		hit <- r.URL.Path
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	// Host deliberately empty — this board's whole address is in the URLs.
+	d := StationDevice{
+		Type:     "httpgen",
+		Channels: 2,
+		OnURLs:   []string{srv.URL + "/relay1/on", srv.URL + "/relay2/on"},
+		OffURLs:  []string{srv.URL + "/relay1/off", srv.URL + "/relay2/off"},
+	}
+	if err := buildDeviceDriver(d).Set(context.Background(), 2, true); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Set: %v", err)
+	}
+	select {
+	case got := <-hit:
+		if got != "/relay2/on" {
+			t.Errorf("board was asked for %q, want /relay2/on", got)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("the configured URL was never requested — the board is not using its own driver")
+	}
+}
+
+// Editing a URL must rebuild the driver. The cached one is keyed by the device's
+// configuration, and the URLs used not to be part of that key: correcting a typo
+// handed back the driver still holding the old address, so the fix looked like it
+// had done nothing until OpsLog was restarted.
+func TestGenericHTTPBoardKeyCoversItsURLs(t *testing.T) {
+	a := StationDevice{Type: "httpgen", Channels: 2, OnURLs: []string{"http://box/a"}}
+	b := StationDevice{Type: "httpgen", Channels: 2, OnURLs: []string{"http://box/b"}}
+	if deviceKey(a) == deviceKey(b) {
+		t.Error("two boards with different URLs share a cache key — an edited URL would not take effect")
+	}
+	c := a
+	c.OnPat = "http://box/{relay}"
+	if deviceKey(a) == deviceKey(c) {
+		t.Error("changing the ON pattern left the cache key unchanged")
+	}
+}
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import (

 const (
 	// appVersion is stamped on every heartbeat (and could feed the About box).
-	appVersion = "0.25.4"
+	appVersion = "0.25.6"

 	// posthogHost is the PostHog ingestion endpoint. EU cloud by default; change
 	// to https://us.i.posthog.com for a US project.
@@ -102,27 +102,54 @@ func (a *App) udpTriggerBandChange(s cat.RigState) {
 	if a.udp == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	band := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(s.Band))
-	if band == "" || !s.Connected {
+	if !s.Connected {
 		return
 	}
-	lastTriggerBandMu.Lock()
-	changed := band != lastTriggerBand
-	if changed {
-		lastTriggerBand = band
+	a.emitBandChangeTrigger(s.Band, s.Mode, s.FreqHz)
 }
-	lastTriggerBandMu.Unlock()
+
+// noteBandChange normalises a band and reports whether it is a NEW one.
+//
+// The state is shared by both sources on purpose. The rig reports a band change
+// and so does the entry strip, and on a station that has both, one QSY produces
+// both — an antenna switch must be commanded once, not twice.
+func noteBandChange(raw string) (string, bool) {
+	band := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(raw))
+	if band == "" {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	lastTriggerBandMu.Lock()
+	defer lastTriggerBandMu.Unlock()
+	if band == lastTriggerBand {
+		return band, false
+	}
+	lastTriggerBand = band
+	return band, true
+}
+
+// emitBandChangeTrigger fires the band-change rows, once per NEW band.
+//
+// Split out of the rig-state path because the rig is not the only thing that
+// changes band: a station with no CAT link changes it in the QSO entry strip,
+// and that is just as much a band change to the antenna switch on the other end
+// of the message. The de-duplication is shared, so the two sources cannot
+// double-fire between them.
+func (a *App) emitBandChangeTrigger(rawBand, mode string, freqHz int64) {
+	if a.udp == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	band, changed := noteBandChange(rawBand)
 	if !changed {
 		return
 	}
 	f := map[string]string{
 		"band":   band,
 		"band_m": bandMetres(band),
-		"mode":   s.Mode,
+		"mode":   mode,
 	}
-	if s.FreqHz > 0 {
-		f["freq_hz"] = strconv.FormatInt(s.FreqHz, 10)
-		f["freq_mhz"] = fmt.Sprintf("%.6f", float64(s.FreqHz)/1e6)
+	if freqHz > 0 {
+		f["freq_hz"] = strconv.FormatInt(freqHz, 10)
+		f["freq_mhz"] = fmt.Sprintf("%.6f", float64(freqHz)/1e6)
 	}
 	a.udp.EmitTrigger(udp.TriggerBandChange, f)
 }
@@ -23,6 +23,11 @@ import (
 // build (the exe lives there; source stays on Gitea). Adjust the repo if needed.
 const updateCheckURL = "https://api.github.com/repos/GregTroar/OpsLog/releases/latest"

+// releasesPageURL is the same release, for people rather than for the updater:
+// the API address above answers JSON, so it is not something to put in front of
+// an operator who followed a link out of a QSL e-mail.
+const releasesPageURL = "https://github.com/GregTroar/OpsLog/releases/latest"
+
 // UpdateInfo is the result of the version check.
 type UpdateInfo struct {
 	Current     string `json:"current"`      // this build's version (appVersion)
@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ Over TCP / GSCP — a docked **A/B antenna-switch** widget:

 Configure the host / password in Settings → Antenna Genius.

+---
+
 ## Relay boards (Station Control)

 Relay boards for antenna/accessory switching, with named buttons in Station
@@ -68,11 +70,139 @@ Control:
  web page — a factory board needs neither.
 - **Denkovi** USB (4/8 relays, FT245) and generic **CH340 / LCUS** USB-serial
  boards.
+- **HTTP relay (home-made / generic)** — see below.

-A Test-connection button and detection feedback live in the setup panel.
+### HTTP relay (home-made / generic)
+
+For any box that switches on a plain HTTP GET: an ESP8266 with a web page, a
+Shelly, a Sonoff on third-party firmware, a qro.cz board, a home-brew switch.
+Pick the relay count, name the relays, and give the addresses.
+
+There is **no Host field and no connection test**. This device type has no
+address of its own — each relay carries its own full URL, and they need not
+even be on the same box. Nothing is read back either: OpsLog remembers what it
+commanded, so after a restart each managed relay is re-commanded once.
+
+**Two ways to give the addresses**, and you can mix them.
+
+**A — one URL per relay.** The reason this type exists: a hand-made switch
+often has addresses with nothing in common between channels.
+
+| Relay | ON URL | OFF URL |
+|---|---|---|
+| 1 | `http://192.168.1.9/FF0101` | `http://192.168.1.9/FF0100` |
+| 2 | `http://192.168.1.9/relay2/on` | `http://192.168.1.9/relay2/off` |
+
+**B — one pattern for the whole board**, with the relay number filled in:
+
+```
+ON  pattern:  http://192.168.1.9/relay?n={relay}&state=on
+OFF pattern:  http://192.168.1.9/relay?n={relay}&state=off
+```
+
+#### Substitutions
+
+| In a URL or a pattern | Becomes |
+|---|---|
+| `{relay}` | the relay number, 1-based |
+| `{relay-1}` | the relay number counting **from zero** — for boards whose channels are 0, 1, 2… |
+| `{value}` | **that relay's label**, from the *Relay labels* row below |
+
+`http` may be left off — it is assumed. `https` works and is used as typed.
+
+`{value}` is for a switch addressed by antenna name rather than by channel
+number. Name relay 1 **Ant1**, and:
+
+```
+Per-relay ON URL for relay 1:   http://10.10.10.100/relay?on={value}
+Sent:                           http://10.10.10.100/relay?on=Ant1
+```
+
+Rename the antenna and the address follows it — the name on the button and the
+name on the wire cannot drift apart, because they are the same text. A label
+with a space or an accent is percent-encoded automatically. A relay whose URL
+uses `{value}` **must have a label**; the editor warns you while you type.
+
+A per-relay URL always wins over the pattern, so you can write a pattern for
+the seven ordinary channels and one full URL for the odd one out.
+
+### Manual switching
+
+Every relay is a button in **Station Control** — click to toggle. The generic
+HTTP board is never greyed out (there is no connection to wait for); the other
+types are enabled once the board answers.
+
+---
+
+## Relay automatic control
+
+Settings → **Relay automatic control** turns relays by frequency or band, the
+equivalent of PstRotator's automatic control. Each relay of each configured
+board gets a rule:
+
+| Mode | Meaning |
+|---|---|
+| **Off** | OpsLog never touches this relay. |
+| **Band** | ON while the current band is one of the bands you tick. |
+| **Frequency** | ON while the frequency is inside a kHz range you type. |
+
+Example — a three-way antenna switch on a KMTronic board:
+
+| Relay | Label | Mode | Setting |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| 1 | Beam 20-10 | Band | 20m, 17m, 15m, 12m, 10m |
+| 2 | 40 m dipole | Band | 40m |
+| 3 | 80 m inverted-V | Band | 80m, 160m |
+| 4 | 6 m preamp | Frequency | 50000 – 54000 kHz |
+
+Rules to know:
+
+- A relay is only switched when it is **not already** in the wanted position.
+  On the first evaluation after launch OpsLog reads the boards' live state, so
+  a relay already correct is left alone rather than clunking.
+- An **unknown** frequency or band changes nothing. When CAT disconnects the
+  frequency reads zero, and treating that as "out of range" would switch every
+  relay off.
+- The rules follow **your radio**. Changing band in the QSO entry strip drives
+  the rig, the rig reports back, and the relays follow. **Without a CAT
+  connection** the Band selector itself is the band change, and the relays
+  follow that instead — unless the band or frequency 🔒 is on, which means the
+  entry is deliberately decoupled from the rig (logging an old contact) and no
+  hardware should move.
+
+For a switch driven by a URL or a UDP message rather than by a relay board, see
+[[Connections]].
+
+---
+
+## Bench power supply
+
+Settings → **Power supply**. A programmable supply on a serial port speaking
+**Modbus RTU** — BSIDE, Wanptek and the other supplies that use function codes
+03 and 06.
+
+Give the COM port. The other two fields are the factory settings and only need
+changing if you changed them on the supply: **9600 baud**, **Modbus address 1**
+(8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit).
+
+A card appears in **Station Control**: an **Output** on/off button, the measured
+volts / amps / watts, and — in small type — the voltage and current the supply
+is *set* to. That pairing is the useful part: `13.80 V set` beside `0.020 A`
+says at a glance that the supply is on and the radio is drawing nothing.
+
+> **OpsLog only ever writes the output on/off.** The supply's register map also
+> exposes the voltage and current set points and the three protection trip
+> levels, and none of them belong to a logbook — a wrong value there is 30 V
+> where a radio expected 13.8. They are read and displayed, never changed.
+> Set them on the supply's own front panel.
+
+If the protection has tripped, the card says so with the supply's status word.
+
+---

 ## Station Control

 The Station Control tab is a dashboard of fixed-width panels that wrap to fill
-the window — amplifier(s), tuner, relays, rotator, Ultrabeam… Drag a panel by
-the grip on its left edge to reorder; the order is remembered.
+the window — amplifier(s), tuner, relays, rotator, power supply, Ultrabeam…
+Drag a panel by the grip on its left edge to reorder; the order is remembered.
+A column-count selector (Auto / 1–6) caps how many sit side by side.
@@ -163,3 +163,40 @@ built-in award without fear of a future release overwriting it.

 **Rescan** re-pulls the logbook and recomputes — it picks up fresh LoTW / QRZ /
 eQSL confirmations (see [[QSL Management]]).
+
+---
+
+## US counties (CQ USA-CA)
+
+A county award needs a county on every US QSO, and most logs do not have one:
+neither the callsign nor the prefix carries it, and few operators send it.
+
+**Settings → US counties** downloads the FCC **ULS** database — every US
+amateur licence with its address — and builds a local index of callsign →
+county + grid. It is a few hundred megabytes to fetch and takes a few minutes;
+once built it works offline and needs no key.
+
+With it downloaded:
+
+- A **new US QSO** gets its county (and grid, if you have none) filled in
+  automatically — **only where the field is empty**. A value you or QRZ
+  supplied is never overwritten: the ZIP-derived county is about 98 % right and
+  the one you logged is usually better.
+- **Right-click → Update US county from the ULS database** re-derives the
+  county of the selected contacts and **replaces** what is stored. That is the
+  deliberate opposite of the automatic pass, and it is the way to correct
+  counties already in the log — see the Connecticut note below. Contacts
+  outside the US, and callsigns the database does not hold, are left alone.
+  The entry only appears once the database is downloaded.
+
+### Connecticut
+
+Connecticut **abolished its eight counties** for statistical purposes in 2022;
+the Census Bureau replaced them with nine **planning regions**. CQ USA-CA still
+uses the old county names, so OpsLog maps a Connecticut address back to its
+legal county.
+
+If your database was built by an older OpsLog, the Settings panel says so and
+offers a refresh — a download date alone cannot show it, because a database
+fetched yesterday by an older version still holds the wrong Connecticut
+counties. After refreshing, use the right-click update on your CT contacts.
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+# Connections
+
+Settings → **Connections** is where OpsLog talks to other programs and to
+hardware over the network: what it **listens** to, what it **sends**, and
+messages you write yourself.
+
+It was called *UDP* until it grew a second transport — a row can now send an
+**HTTP GET** instead of a datagram, which is what most home-made antenna
+switches understand.
+
+Each row has a name, a direction, a service type, a port, and an on/off switch.
+**Everything sent and received is written to the application log**, so a row
+that does not work can be diagnosed rather than guessed at — see
+[[Troubleshooting]] for where the log lives.
+
+---
+
+## Inbound — what OpsLog listens to
+
+| Service | Sends it | Use |
+|---|---|---|
+| **WSJT-X / JTDX / MSHV** | those programs, port 2237 | Log their QSOs automatically, follow the DX call being worked, and show their decodes. Multicast is normal here. |
+| **ADIF over UDP** | JTAlert, GridTracker, FLDIGI | A text ADIF record per logged QSO. |
+| **N1MM Logger+** | N1MM | Its XML contact record. |
+| **Remote callsign** | DXHunter and similar | A callsign — and optionally a frequency and mode — to load into the entry form and tune to. |
+
+### Multicast or unicast?
+
+WSJT-X and MSHV normally broadcast to a **multicast group** (usually
+`239.255.0.1`) so several programs can hear them at once. Tick *Multicast* and
+give the group. A program sending to one address only needs unicast — leave it
+unticked.
+
+> **Do not put an inbound row and an outbound row on the same port.** OpsLog
+> then receives its own messages, and something it publishes can come back as a
+> command. It says so in the log when it spots the arrangement:
+> *"X sends on port 2241 and Y listens on it — OpsLog will receive its own
+> messages there; give one of the two another port."*
+
+---
+
+## Outbound — what OpsLog sends
+
+| Service | Format | Fires on |
+|---|---|---|
+| **ADIF message** | a plain ADIF record | each QSO logged |
+| **WSJT-X logged QSO** | the same ADIF wrapped in a WSJT-X datagram | each QSO logged |
+| **PstRotator frequency** | `<PST><FREQUENCY>` | frequency change |
+| **N1MM RadioInfo** | N1MM's RadioInfo XML | frequency or mode change |
+| **Custom message** | whatever you write | a trigger you pick |
+
+### Which one for another logger?
+
+If a logger says it accepts "WSJT-X UDP", it wants the **WSJT-X logged QSO**
+row — it listens on the WSJT-X interface and silently discards a bare ADIF
+record. Logger32 is the usual case. A logger that documents a plain ADIF
+listener wants the **ADIF message** row instead. They are two rows because they
+are two different things on the wire; enable the one your logger asks for, not
+both, or the QSO arrives twice.
+
+---
+
+## Custom messages
+
+The general case: **you choose when it fires, what it says, and how it leaves.**
+This is how a home-made antenna switch, a relay box or a home-automation server
+gets told what the station is doing.
+
+### 1. Pick the trigger
+
+| Trigger | Fires when |
+|---|---|
+| **QSO logged** | a contact is saved |
+| **Band change** | the radio changes band — or, on a station with no CAT, the Band selector in the entry strip |
+| **Rotator command** | the antenna is told to turn (compass, SP/LP buttons, a spot click) |
+| **Lookup done** | a callbook lookup returns |
+
+### 2. Write the message
+
+Anything in `{braces}` is replaced. What is available depends on the trigger:
+
+| Trigger | Placeholders |
+|---|---|
+| QSO logged | `{call}` `{band}` `{band_m}` `{mode}` `{grid}` `{name}` `{country}` `{rst_s}` `{rst_r}` `{comment}` `{date}` `{time}` `{freq_hz}` `{freq_mhz}` `{dxcc}` |
+| Band change | `{band}` `{band_m}` `{mode}` `{freq_hz}` `{freq_mhz}` |
+| Rotator command | `{az}` `{el}` `{path}` (`SP`, `LP` or empty) |
+| Lookup done | `{call}` `{name}` `{grid}` `{country}` `{qth}` `{state}` `{dxcc}` |
+
+`{band}` is `20m`; `{band_m}` is just `20`, because an antenna switch usually
+wants the number and nothing else.
+
+### 3. Choose the transport
+
+- **UDP** — a datagram to an address and port. You choose the line ending.
+- **URL** — an HTTP GET. Values are URL-encoded automatically.
+
+### Examples
+
+**Turn an antenna switch on every band change, over HTTP:**
+
+```
+Trigger:    Band change
+Transport:  URL
+URL:        http://192.168.1.50/set?band={band_m}
+```
+20 m → `http://192.168.1.50/set?band=20`
+
+**Tell a rotator display where the antenna is going:**
+
+```
+Trigger:    Rotator command
+Transport:  UDP  →  192.168.1.77:8100
+Message:    <AZIMUT>{az}</AZIMUT><PATH>{path}</PATH>
+```
+
+**Announce each QSO to a shack dashboard:**
+
+```
+Trigger:    QSO logged
+Transport:  URL
+URL:        http://homeassistant.local:8123/api/webhook/qso?call={call}&band={band}&mode={mode}
+```
+
+> Credentials in a URL are sent as typed — this is meant for a LAN. Passwords
+> are **redacted in the log** so a log file can be shared safely.
+
+### When a band change is a band change
+
+The Band-change trigger follows **the radio**, because an antenna switch should
+follow the radio and not what is being typed. Changing band in the entry strip
+drives the rig, the rig reports the new band, and the trigger fires from that.
+
+On a station whose rig OpsLog does not control there is nothing to report back,
+so the **Band selector itself** counts as the band change. The 🔒 lock on Band
+or Frequency suppresses it: a lock means the entry is deliberately decoupled
+from the rig, and nothing should move for a contact logged from last year.
+
+---
+
+## Diagnosing a row that does nothing
+
+The log names every message. In order, check:
+
+1. **Is the row enabled?** The list shows it.
+2. **`udp: Reload done — N server(s) running`** at startup, and one
+   `cfg id=… name=… dir=… service=… port=…` line per row. A row that failed to
+   start is listed with its error.
+3. **Outbound:** `udp: [NAME] sent N bytes to ADDRESS (service)` for a datagram,
+   or the URL for an HTTP row.
+4. **A message that renders empty is skipped** and the log says so — usually a
+   placeholder that the trigger does not provide.
+5. **`a QSO was logged but no outbound "ADIF message" row is enabled`** — the
+   answer to "why does my other logger get nothing".
+
+See also: [[Amplifiers and Switches]] for relay boards and their own automatic
+control, and [[DX Cluster and Spots]] for spot sources.
@@ -56,3 +56,20 @@ A **DXHunter** remote-call UDP packet fills the callsign, and when it carries
 [[Settings and Data]] for the UDP configuration.

 See also: [[Maps and Antennas]] for turning the beam to a spot.
+
+## When the list looks empty
+
+If spots are arriving and none are shown, the panel says so, names the filters
+responsible and offers a button to clear them all. The two easiest to forget are
+the **band and mode locks** (🔒), because they follow the radio rather than a
+click — with the rig on 20 m SSB and both locked, a hundred spots on other bands
+show nothing.
+
+Filter selections are remembered between sessions; a fresh installation starts
+with none set.
+
+## Spotting
+
+When you send a spot, the comment carries the mode and then the **award
+references you have assigned** to that contact — the ones on the QSO, not the
+ones OpsLog would compute for it.
@@ -23,14 +23,41 @@ portable contacts. No API key.
 ## Rotators

 An azimuthal-equidistant **click-to-turn** compass; the current heading and
-target are shown. Three rotator types (Settings → Rotator):
+target are shown. The needle follows a turning antenna smoothly — OpsLog polls
+faster while the position is changing and backs off once it is parked.

- **PstRotator** — via its UDP interface.
- **microHAM ARCO** — native, over LAN or USB: set the ARCO's CONTROL PROTOCOL
-  to *Yaesu GS-232A*.
- **GS-232A (generic)** — any GS-232A controller, ERC (Easy Rotor Control)
-  included; serial speed selectable. Set an ERC to GS-232 emulation, not
-  Hy-Gain DCU-1.
+**Two rotors** can be configured (two towers, or a Rotator Genius driving two).
+A Rotor 1 / 2 selector appears on the compass; OpsLog turns and displays the
+one you pick.
+
+### Types (Settings → Rotator)
+
+| Type | Connection | Notes |
+|---|---|---|
+| **PstRotator** | UDP | Enable PstRotator's UDP listener (Setup → Communication → UDP). |
+| **Rotator Genius** (4O3A) | TCP, port 9006 | Native. *Rotator #* picks which of the two the box drives; *Two rotors* adds the second as its own rotor. |
+| **microHAM ARCO / GS-232A** | LAN or USB | Set the controller's CONTROL PROTOCOL to *Yaesu GS-232A*. An **ERC** must be in GS-232 emulation, **not** Hy-Gain DCU-1. |
+| **Hy-Gain DCU-1** | COM port or serial-over-IP | RotorCard DXA, Idiom Press Rotor-EZ, Green Heron. Azimuth only. A DCU-1 is 4800 baud; others may differ — match the controller. |
+| **SPID / AlfaSpid** | COM port | Native, so PstRotator is not needed in between. See below. |
+
+### SPID / AlfaSpid
+
+Pick the dialect to match the controller — they are not interchangeable:
+
+- **Rot2Prog** — RAS, BIG-RAS/HR, MD-01, MD-02. Azimuth **and** elevation.
+  600 baud.
+- **Rot1Prog** — the older azimuth-only controllers (RAK, RAU). 1200 baud.
+
+The two use different frame lengths, so a wrong choice shows up at once: the
+**Test** button reports a reply of the wrong length rather than leaving you to
+find out when the antenna turns oddly.
+
+Two towers means two controllers, each on its own COM port and each a separate
+rotor in OpsLog.
+
+> **The Test button on a SPID, an ARCO or a DCU-1 only READS the heading** — it
+> confirms the port, the speed and the dialect without moving anything, and
+> says so. (PstRotator and a Rotator Genius are instead sent a move to 0°.)

 ## Motorized antennas (Ultrabeam / SteppIR)

@@ -51,3 +51,13 @@ This is also what powers [[Multi-Operator Live Status]].
 Optional **database + ADIF backup at shutdown** (Settings → Backup). Regardless,
 copying the `data/` folder backs up your settings and local logbook. See
 [[Settings and Data]].
+
+## What follows the active profile
+
+Every setting is per profile, station hardware included. Switching profile
+reconnects the **CAT link**, the **amplifiers**, the **motorized antenna**, the
+**Antenna Genius** and the **tuner** using the new profile's settings — so an
+operator with, say, an SPE on COM9 for HF and another on COM10 for 6 m gets the
+right one by switching profile, with no visit to Settings.
+
+The Winkeyer is deliberately left alone: you connect it explicitly.
@@ -34,6 +34,38 @@ auto-refreshes the **award** stats.
 - **LoTW upload** goes through **TQSL** (ARRL's signer) — set the TQSL path and
  station location in Settings.

+## Paper QSL: sent, received, and how
+
+The QSL Manager's paper form sets four things on a batch at once — the sent
+status and date, the received status and date — plus **how the card travelled**,
+in each direction.
+
+Two ADIF fields are involved and they are **not** the same thing:
+
+| Field | Holds | Example |
+|---|---|---|
+| `QSL_VIA` | the **manager's callsign** | `M0OXO` |
+| `QSL_SENT_VIA` / `QSL_RCVD_VIA` | **how the card travelled** — an enumeration | `B` bureau · `D` direct · `E` electronic |
+
+Some loggers write the routing into the manager field, and OpsLog's own older
+versions wrote the words "Bureau" / "Direct" / "Electronic" there too. If your
+log has a mixture, OpsLog offers a **repair** — it tells you how many QSOs are
+affected **before** it changes anything, and it only moves values that are
+unmistakably a routing method (a manager is a callsign, never one of those six
+words).
+
+On **import**, the two fields are kept apart and nothing is invented: a file
+without a routing gives an empty routing. If you see `E` on every imported QSO
+it came from the file — Log4OM writes `QSL_SENT_VIA:E` on every record whether
+a card was ever sent. To clear them, filter the imported QSOs and use
+**Bulk edit field** with an empty value ([[Recent QSOs and Filters]]).
+
+## Confirmed means Y or V
+
+A LoTW confirmation can come back as **V** (verified) rather than **Y**. Both
+count as confirmed — in the awards, the band/mode matrix, the slot statistics,
+the row colours and the QSL Info tab alike.
+
 ## E-mail eQSL

 Right-click a QSO → **Send eQSL by e-mail** via the configured SMTP account. The
@@ -2,29 +2,64 @@

 ## The Recent QSOs grid

-The main log table. Double-click a row to edit; right-click for bulk actions
-(see [[Logging Basics]]). Columns are configurable — click **Columns** to choose
-which are visible; widths, order and hidden columns are saved (per profile),
-with a separate layout for the narrower Main-tab pane.
+The main log table. Double-click a row to edit; **right-click** for everything
+else (see [The right-click menu](#the-right-click-menu) below). Columns are
+configurable — click **Columns** to choose which are visible; widths, order and
+hidden columns are saved (per profile), with a separate layout for the narrower
+Main-tab pane.

 - The selected-row count is always visible at the top, and a **Select all /
  Unselect all** button takes every displayed row.
 - QSL and upload status columns are coloured: **Y** green, **N** red, **R**
-  blue.
+  blue, **V** (verified) green — a LoTW contact marked *V* counts as confirmed
+  everywhere, like *Y*.
 - A **Distance (km)** column (also in Worked-before) is computed from the QSO's
  own locator pair.
 - There are **no per-column header filters** — they only ever searched the rows
  on screen, which made a QSO further back in the log look missing. Use the
  advanced filter, which queries the whole logbook.

+A QSO logged from **WSJT-X, MSHV, JTDX or a net** appears here immediately, not
+when its auto-upload eventually goes out. That matters if you use a *delayed*
+upload to leave yourself time to correct a contact before it is sent.
+
 ### Award columns

 Each defined award can show a column with the reference the QSO counts for.
 These columns are **hidden by default** and opt-in from the Columns picker.

+---
+
+## The right-click menu
+
+Select one or more rows, right-click, and the menu acts on **the whole
+selection**. Right-clicking a row that is not selected selects it first, so a
+single right-click on one QSO always does what it looks like it will.
+
+| Entry | What it does |
+|---|---|
+| **Fix country & zones from cty.dat** | Re-derives DXCC, continent, CQ and ITU zones from the prefix database. Use after a cty.dat update, or on QSOs imported without zones. |
+| **Update from the callsign databases** | Re-queries QRZ.com / HamQTH per QSO. A network round trip each — a progress bar appears. |
+| **Update from ClubLog (exceptions)** | Applies Club Log's exception list: callsigns whose real entity is not what the prefix says. |
+| **Update US county from the ULS database** | Re-derives the county of US contacts and **replaces** what is stored. Only appears once the county database is downloaded — see [[Awards]]. |
+| **Send OpsLog QSL by e-mail** | Renders the [[QSL Card Designer]] card for that QSO and mails it. |
+| **Bulk edit field…** | One field, one value, on every selected QSO. Leaving the value **empty clears** the field. |
+| **Export selected to ADIF / Cabrillo** | Just the rows you picked. |
+| **Export selected — choose fields…** | Same, but you pick which ADIF fields go in the file. |
+| **Export filtered view to ADIF / Cabrillo** | **Every QSO the current filter matches** — not only the rows on screen, and with no row limit. |
+| **Send to QRZ / Club Log / HRDLog / eQSL / LoTW** | Uploads the selection now, whatever the automatic upload mode is. |
+| **Delete…** | With a confirmation naming the count. |
+
+> **Exporting a filtered search is two different entries.** *Export selected*
+> takes the rows you highlighted. *Export filtered view* takes the whole result
+> of the filter, including the QSOs scrolled off the bottom. When you have just
+> built a filter and want the lot, it is the second one.
+
+---
+
 ## Advanced filter builder

-Click the filter button to open the **QSO filter builder** (Log4OM-style):
+Click the filter button to open the **QSO filter builder** (Log4OM-style).

 - Add one or more **conditions**: *field · operator · value*.
 - Operators: equals, not-equal, contains, starts/ends with, greater/less
@@ -32,12 +67,84 @@ Click the filter button to open the **QSO filter builder** (Log4OM-style):
 - Fields include every confirmation **status and date** (sent / received,
  before / after) for paper QSL, LoTW, eQSL, Club Log, HRDLog and QRZ.com.
  Field names stay in English — they are ADIF names, a standard vocabulary.
- Join conditions with **ALL (AND)** or **ANY (OR)**.
+- Join the conditions with **ALL (AND)** or **ANY (OR)**.
 - Save named **presets** (they travel with the `data/` folder).

-A filter shows **every** match (the on-screen row limit only applies to the
-unfiltered log; safety cap 10 000). The filtered view can be exported:
-**selected rows** or the **whole filtered view** → ADIF or Cabrillo.
+A filter shows **every** match — the on-screen row limit only applies to the
+unfiltered log (safety cap 10 000).
+
+### Worked examples
+
+Each of these is a few clicks in the builder. The point of the last column is
+what you then do with the result.
+
+**1. Everything worked on 20 m in FT8 that is still unconfirmed on LoTW**
+
+| Join | Field | Operator | Value |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| ALL | `band` | equals | `20m` |
+| | `mode` | equals | `FT8` |
+| | `lotw_qsl_rcvd` | is empty | |
+
+→ right-click → **Export filtered view to ADIF**, and you have the file to
+re-upload or to check against LoTW.
+
+**2. Paper cards sent but never answered, older than a year**
+
+| Join | Field | Operator | Value |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| ALL | `qsl_sent` | equals | `Y` |
+| | `qsl_rcvd` | is empty | |
+| | `qso_date` | less than | `20250816` |
+
+→ select all → **Bulk edit field** to mark them for a bureau chase, or export
+them for a follow-up list.
+
+**3. Every contact with one entity, on any band, in a date range**
+
+| Join | Field | Operator | Value |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| ALL | `dxcc` | equals | `291` |
+| | `qso_date` | greater or equal | `20260101` |
+| | `qso_date` | less or equal | `20261231` |
+
+→ this is the shape for an award submission. Save it as a **preset** so next
+year is one click and a date change.
+
+**4. Anything that might be a duplicate of tonight's run**
+
+| Join | Field | Operator | Value |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| ALL | `call` | contains | `DL` |
+| | `band` | equals | `40m` |
+| ANY | `qsl_sent` | equals | `Y` |
+| | `lotw_qsl_sent` | equals | `Y` |
+
+Note the mix: the **ALL** block narrows to the contacts you care about, the
+**ANY** block accepts a QSO confirmed by either route.
+
+**5. US contacts with no county recorded**
+
+| Join | Field | Operator | Value |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| ALL | `dxcc` | equals | `291` |
+| | `cnty` | is empty | |
+
+→ select all → right-click → **Update US county from the ULS database**.
+
+### Tips
+
+- **Dates are ADIF dates**: `YYYYMMDD`, no separators. `20260816`, not
+  `16/08/2026`.
+- **`is empty` is not the same as `equals N`.** A QSL that was never sent is
+  empty; one explicitly marked *not sent* holds `N`. Filters on confirmation
+  usually want *is empty*.
+- To find what a field is called, show its column in the grid: the Columns
+  picker and the filter builder use the same ADIF names.
+- A preset saves the conditions, not the results — it re-runs against the log
+  as it is today.
+
+---

 ## Worked-before matrix

@@ -76,3 +76,40 @@ selectable, with a copy button.

 Open an issue (or *Send log to F4BPO*) with: what you did, what happened, your
 radio/model, and the relevant log lines.
+
+## The rig disconnects during digital transmissions
+
+Symptom: with WSJT-X or JTDX set to **Fake It** split, the CAT link drops on
+every over. Fake It shifts the dial for each transmission instead of using
+split, so it changes the radio state twice per cycle.
+
+Check that **no inbound Connections row shares a port with an outbound one**.
+If it does, OpsLog receives what it publishes, and its own frequency broadcast
+can come back as a command to re-tune — a loop that fires on every dial shift.
+The log names the clash at startup. Give one of the two rows another port.
+
+## A motorized antenna does not follow the rig
+
+Look for this line in the log:
+
+    antenna: steppir connected, but TRACKING IS OFF in Settings — it will not
+    follow the rig, and only moves when you tune it by hand
+
+That is not a fault. Tracking is a setting (Settings → Antenna), and with it off
+the antenna only moves when you tune it yourself.
+
+If the antenna genuinely stops answering, the log says so and reconnects on its
+own:
+
+    steppir: status query failed, reconnecting: read status: timed out …
+    steppir: reconnected after 2 failed attempt(s)
+
+## A rotator turns the wrong way
+
+On a **SPID**, check the dialect first: **Rot1Prog** for the azimuth-only
+controllers (RAK, RAU) and **Rot2Prog** for the RAS / BIG-RAS / MD-01 / MD-02.
+They use different frame lengths, and the wrong one is the usual cause of a
+heading that reads correctly while every commanded move goes the long way round.
+
+Test with a **small** move first — from 45° to 50°, not to 180° — so a wrong
+result cannot wrap the coax at the top of the tower.
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 - [[Contest Logging]]
 - [[Net Control]]
 - [[Multi-Operator Live Status]]
+- [[Connections]]

 **QSL & Awards**
 - [[Awards]]